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1. A cell organelle that is present in animal cells but not present in plant cells is?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Centrosome
c) Mitochondrial
d) Cytoplasm
d) Golgi complex
Answer: b
Explanation: Plant cells lack a centrosome and lysosomes, while animal cells do. Animal cells lack a cell wall, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, as well as a big central vacuole, but plant cells do.
2. Which of the following cell is found in the brain?
a) Neuron
b) Hepatocyte
c) Nephron
d) Epithelial cell
Answer: a
Explanation: Hepatocyte is found in the liver. The nephron is the filtering unit of the kidney. Epithelial cell lines the surfaces of your body.
3. Protein synthesis takes place in which of the following cell organelle?
a) Cell wall
b) Ribosome
c) Nucleus
d) Cytoplasm
Answer: b
Explanation: Protein synthesis takes place on ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes in the cytoplasm transform mRNA molecules exported from the nucleus into protein (which are RNA-protein complexes, not organelles).
4. Which of the following cells are found in the intestinal lining?
a) RBCs
b) Neurons
c) Epithelial cells
d) Hepatocytes
Answer: c
Explanation: Epithelial cells line the intestine and are responsible for the uptake and absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract. Microvilli are located at the apical end of these cells and mitochondria are located at the basal end.
5. Which of the following polysaccharide is not present in the eukaryotic plant cell wall?
a) Chitin
b) Hemicellulose
c) Pectin
d) Cellulose
Answer: d
Explanation: Chitin is a polysaccharide that is present mainly in exoskeletons of Arthropods and are not a component of plant cell wall. Plant cell wall is majorly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin.
6. Which of the following is the process of synthesis of glucose?
a) saccharification
b) glycolysis
c) gluconeogenesis
d) neogenesis
Answer: c
Explanation: The anabolic pathway that leads to the formation of glucose is referred to as gluconeogenesis. A cell can synthesize glucose at the same it as utilizing glucose as the source of chemical energy.
7. Which of the following site is represented by Loops in lampbrush chromosomes?
a) Crossing over
b) Cell division
c) Replication
d) Transcription
Answer: d
Explanation: Lampbrush chromosomes are a type of giant chromosomes found in the growing oocytes of amphibians. Twin loops arise on either side of the chromosome in the meiotic prophase. This is due to the active transcription of many genes.
8. Which of the following part of a neuron receives information from other neurons?
a) myelin sheath
b) dendrites
c) cell body
d) axon
Answer: b
Explanation: The fine extensions from the cell body of the neurons are called dendrites which receive information from external sources, usually other neighboring neurons.
9. Which of the following is not a component of cell membranes?
a) Phosphotriglycerides
b) Cholesterol
c) Sphingolipids
d) Phosphodiglycerides
Answer: a
Explanation: Phospholipids present in cell membrane are diglycerides and not triglycerides. Triglycerides have three fatty acids and are not ampipathic in nature. It also consists of sphingolipid and cholesterol.
10. Which of the following promote curvature of cell membrane?
a) Phosphatidyl serine (PS)
b) Phosphatidyl inositol(PI)
c) Phosphatidyl choline (PC)
d) Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE)
Answer: d
Explanation: PE promotes the curvature of cell membrane. This is important in the budding and fusion of cell membranes during maturation.
11. Which of the following is not a type of chromosomal aberration?
a) duplication
b) translocation
c) mutations
d) inversion
Answer: c
Explanation: Chromosomal aberration refers to the change in number of chromosomes or any other associated errors. There are various types of chromosomal aberrations including inversions, translocations, duplications etc. Mutation however is a broader term.
12. Which of the following cells release insulin when glucose levels elevate in the body?
a) gamma cells
b) beta cells
c) alpha cells
d) zeta cells
Answer: b
Explanation: The beta cells in pancreas secrete insulin when the blood glucose levels elevate while the alpha cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon when the blood glucose levels drop. Insulin acts as an extracellular messenger molecule.
13. Which of the following cells are pluripotent?
a) embryonic stem cells
b) nucleosomes
c) hepatocytes
d) neurons
Answer: a
Explanation: Embryonic stem cells appear very early in the development of a mammalian embryo and possess two very unique properties, indefinite self-renewal and capability of differentiating into different cell types.
14. Which of the following cells do not lack the ability to divide?
a) red blood cells
b) muscle cells
c) skin cells
d) nerve cells
Answer: c
Explanation: Only highly specialized cells of the body such as nerve cells, muscle cells and red blood cells lack the ability to divide, once they have differentiated they remain in that state till the end of their life cycles.
15. Which of the following cells do not usually divide but can be induced to divide?
a) liver cells
b) red blood cells
c) hair cells
d) hair follicles
Answer: a
Explanation: Liver cells do not usually grow and divide but can be made to do so under specific conditions such as liver surgery. Lymphocytes can also be induced to regrow and divide by interaction with a proper antigen.
