Animal Physiology Module

Q 1. Because of the presence of _________, spider blood typically has a blue color.

1. Hemerythrin
2. Hemoglobin
3. Hemocyanin
4. none of the aforementioned.

Answer- Option (3) is correct.

Explanation: Haemoglobin is found in humans and other higher animals and it is red in color. Hemeeyrhtin is used for oxygen transport in marine invertebrates and it is colorless in the absence of oxygen but turns violet-pink when it is attached to oxygen. Hemocyanin is seen in arthropods, particularly spiders and it has a typical blur appearance which makes the spider’s blood blue.

Q 2. Which of the following organisms exhibits diploblastic organization?

1. Hydra,
2. Earthworms,
3. Squid,
4. Crabs.

Answer- Option (1) is correct.
Explanation: The cells in Hydra are organized into two germinal layers: the ectoderm, which is the exterior layer, and the endoderm, which is the inner layer. Mesoglea is a layer of undifferentiated cells found between the ectoderm and endoderm layers. Diploblastic animals display this arrangement of embryonic layers so the term diploblastic is used to describe Hydra.

Q 3. Theropod dinosaurs have contemporary descendants known as _________.

1. Birds,
2. Lions,
3. Panthers,
4. Bears

Answer- Option (1) is correct.
Explanation: Theropods may be characterized as being more closely related to birds than sauropods and including all saurischians. They have huge, recurved claws on their fingers and predatory teeth. Additionally, they have a lot in common, including a particular joint in the lower jaw, epipophyses on the neck vertebrae, and a special “transition point” in the tail where the vertebrae go longer and more slender.

Q 4. Not all of the following animals are tetrapods. Select the odd one out.

1. Snake,
2. Cow,
3. Mantis,
4. Shrimp.

Answer- Option (1) is correct.
Explanation: Tetrapods, which derive from the words “four” and “foot,” are the four-limbed vertebrate creatures that make up the superclass Tetrapoda. There are both living and extinct amphibians in it, as well as amniotes, which are further pided into sauropsids (reptiles, including dinosaurs and hence birds), and synapsids (extinct pelycosaurs, extinct therapsids, and all living mammals). Shrimp has more than four pairs of legs.

Q 5. ___________utilize book lungs for respiration.

1. Earthworms
2. Scorpions
3. Fish
4. None of the above

Answer- Option (1) is correct.
Explanation: Many arachnids, including scorpions and spiders, have book lungs, a kind of respiratory organ utilized for atmospheric gas exchange. For the function of breathing, each of these organs is connected to the environment by a tiny aperture inside an open, air-filled atrium in the ventral abdomen.

Q 6. Which cell in a person’s body is the biggest?

1. Macrophage
2. Ovum
3. Granule cell
4. None of the above

Answer- Option (2) is correct.
Explanation:The ovum is around 10,000 times bigger than sperm cells and many times larger than a typical body cell in humans. Egg cells, also known as oocytes, are large for a reason: following fertilization, they must store enough nutrients to sustain a developing embryo and mitochondria provide the energy for that growth.

Q 7. Identify the hormone that causes the smooth uterine muscle to contract during animal parturition. This hormone is released by the pituitary gland.

1. Vasopressin
2. Oxytocin
3. Prolactin
4. Gonadotropins

Answer- Option (2) is correct.
Explanation: The pituitary gland may be discovered just below the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The anterior and posterior pituitaries are their two constituent parts. There are several hypothalamic neurons that terminate in the posterior pituitary. Neurons with origins in the hypothalamus have axonal terminals at the ends. Vasopressin and oxytocin are two peptide hormones they make. By way of axonal terminals, they go down into the posterior pituitary and are then stored there for later release.

Q 8. Hormones that influence cells at the time of their creation and are circulated through the blood are

1. Estradiol, cortisol,
2. prostaglandins, and thromboxane
3. prednisolone, and prednisone
4. thyroxine, and glucagon

Answer- Option (2) is correct.
Explanation: Hormones that function close to the site of synthesis and secretion are known as paracrine hormones. In contrast to endocrine hormones, which are transported throughout the body by the circulatory system, these hormones are produced in a single location. Paracrine hormones are produced everywhere over the body and operate locally rather than being transported to the place where they are intended to have an effect. Examples include prostaglandins and thromboxane.

Q 9. Sperm swimming toward the egg is prevented by a spermicide used for contraception, which inhibits sperm flagellar movement. What accomplishes this?

1. breaking the microfilaments
2. blocking the kinesin motor protein
3. breaking down microtubules
4. blocking the dynein motor protein

Answer- Option (4) is correct.
Explanation: Gossypol is a polyphenolic pigment that comes from the cotton plant, as explained. It was employed as a male oral contraceptive in China. Its usage has been stopped due to its severe toxicity. Sperms were rendered immobile by inhibiting the dynein motor protein. In sperm flagella, an ATPase known as dynein that is connected to microtubules is found. It hydrolyzes ATP, which gives sperm motility energy.

Q 10. What is the dental equation for a grown-up person?

1. 2133/2133
2. 2123/2123
3. 2103/2103
4. 123/0123

Answer- Option (2) is correct.
Explanation: The dental formula shows how the teeth are positioned in the top and lower rows. The dental formula for an adult person is 2123/2123. Two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars are all found in one row. The average adult person has 32 teeth.

Q 11. The vertebral column in the human body has ______ no of bones?

1. 33
2. 43
3. 23
4. 56

Answer- Option (1) is correct.
Explanation: The vertebral column, often known as the spine, is made up of a number of bones called vertebrae. The 33 irregularly sized bones that make up our spinal column are joined together by intervertebral discs. The five areas of the spinal column are the cervical (region 7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (1-fused), and coccygeal (1-fused).

Q 12. A typical example of an open vascular system is found in

1. crabs
2. monkeys
3. crows
4. humans

Answer- Option (1) is correct.
Explanation: In an open circulatory system, the blood is pumped into a chamber known as a hemocoel rather than being contained in the blood arteries. Because the blood combines with the interstitial fluid, it is referred to as hemolymph. In humans, monkeys, and cows, a closed vascular system is present which uses blood vessels to transport blood.

Q 13. Which of the following structures ensures that blood in animals flows in a single direction?

1. Bronchiole,
2. Neuron,
3. Septum,
4. Valves.

Answer- Option (4) is correct.
Explanation: Blood can often only flow in one direction through a valve. The heart of a person has four valves. Depending on the difference in blood pressure on each side, a heart valve can open or close.

Q 14. What is the structural and operational component of the mammalian nervous system?

1. Axon,
2. Dendron,
3. Neuron,
4. Brain.

Answer- Option (3) is correct.
Explanation: A neuron is a nerve cell that has several branches. It is the longest living cell (100 cm), and both its size and function define the nervous system.

Q 15. Which of the following describes the human eye’s innermost layer?

1. Retina,
2. Choroid,
3. Sclera,
4. Cornea.

Answer- Option (1) is correct.
Explanation: The retina is the eye’s innermost layer. The layer is light-sensitive. The retina transforms light rays into impulses, which are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve and translated into the visible image.