Day: March 15, 2024

Overview Thalassaemia refers to a group of disorders characterised by reduced or absent globin chain production. Thalassaemia is one of the haemoglobinopathies, which refers to a group of autosomal recessive inherited disorders that affect the globin chains that form the protein component of haemoglobin. Haemoglobinopathies Haemglobinopathies can be broadly divided into two types: Haemoglobin variants: mutant forms of haemoglobin that affect the structure. Sickle cell disease is most well recognised. Thalassaemia: reduced or absent globin chain production due to underlying mutations. Thalassaemia Thalassaemia can be further divided depending on the type of globin chain affected: Alpha thalassaemia: reduced or absent production of

Introduction Acute myeloid leukaemia occurs due to the malignant transformation and proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. Leukaemia Leukaemia refers to a group of malignancies that arise in the bone marrow. They are relatively rare but together are the 12th most common cancer in the UK, responsible for around 4,700 deaths a year. There are four main types: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) Presentation, prognosis and management all depend on the type and subtype of leukaemia. Acute myeloid leukaemia In AML proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells is seen. It refers to a heterogeneous group

Introduction Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common malignancy of childhood. Leukaemia Leukaemia refers to a group of malignancies that arise in the bone marrow. They are relatively rare but together are the 12th most common cancer in the UK, responsible for around 9,900 cases and 4,700 deaths a year. There are four main types: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) Presentation, prognosis and management all depend on the type and subtype of leukaemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ALL arises from a clone of lymphoid progenitor cells that undergo malignant transformation. Most are B-cell in origin