Day: November 28, 2023

Gender incongruence

What is gender incongruence? Gender incongruence is the term used to describe when your gender is different to when you were born. People with gender incongruence may describe themselves as transgender (trans) or gender diverse. What is gender? Gender and sex are different things. Your gender identity is how you feel about yourself. It reflects your experiences and your sense of self. Your gender might be the same or different to the sex you were given at birth. There are many ways to experience gender and it may change over time. Your sex is assigned to you at birth based on your external genitals.

Gender affirming surgery

What is gender affirming surgery? Gender affirming surgery refers to a variety of procedures that some trans or gender diverse people may use to affirm their gender. Surgery is just one option for gender affirming care. All trans and gender diverse people are unique and will choose to affirm their gender in a way that feels right for them. Gender affirming care might include: Social affirmation, such as changing names, pronouns, hair or clothing. Legal affirmation, such as changing legal name or gender. Medical affirmation, with hormones or surgery. Read more about gender incongruence, gender dysphoria, and gender affirming care here.

Gastroscopy

What is a gastroscopy? Gastroscopy, also known as upper endoscopy, involves using a thin flexible tube (endoscope) to examine the upper digestive tract. The tube is inserted into the mouth and travels down the food pipe (oesophagus), then into the stomach and first part of the small intestine (duodenum), to view these areas. The endoscope contains a light and video camera that transmits images to a monitor, where they can be seen by a doctor. When is a gastrosopy needed? Gastroscopy is usually done to investigate symptoms such as indigestion, nausea, or difficulty swallowing. It can show if there is inflammation,

Gastroparesis

What is gastroparesis? Gastroparesis is a condition in which food stays in the stomach for longer than normal. Usually, the muscles around the stomach contract and grind food into small pieces, then mix those small pieces with acids and enzymes so the food can start to be digested. The muscles then contract (tighten) and push food out of the stomach into the first part of your small intestine (duodenum). If you have gastroparesis, the muscles around your stomach don’t work properly. This means that food isn’t broken down as much as normal, and it stays in the stomach for longer.

Gastroenteritis (gastro)

Key facts Gastroenteritis (‘gastro’) is a common and often highly infectious condition that affects the stomach and intestines. It can cause vomiting and diarrhoea. Babies under 6 months should always be seen by a doctor if they have gastro. Gastroenteritis is treated by drinking fluids, and doesn’t usually require medication. Reduce your risk of catching or spreading gastro by washing your hands well after using the bathroom, changing nappies or handling food. Children should not return to school and adults should not return to work until 48 hours after the last episode of diarrhoea and/or vomiting. What is gastroenteritis? Gastroenteritis

Gastritis medicines

What is gastritis medication? Gastritis is when your stomach lining becomes inflamed (irritated, swollen and red). Gastritis has several causes, including infection. Your treatment will depend on the cause. How does gastritis medicine work? Gastritis medicines may be used to: reduce the acid in your stomach treat an infection with Helicobacter pylori (also called H. pylori), which is one cause of gastritis What types of gastritis medicines might I be prescribed? The medicines your doctor prescribes will depend on: your symptoms the type of gastritis you have the cause of your gastritis H2 blockers H2 blockers are medicines that reduce the amount of acid

Gastritis

Key facts Gastritis is when your stomach lining becomes inflamed (irritated, swollen and red). There are several causes of gastritis, including infection, medicines and alcohol. Treatment will depend on the cause of your gastritis. What is gastritis? Gastritis is when your stomach lining becomes inflamed (irritated, swollen and red). Your stomach lining may also wear down because of the inflammation — this is called erosive gastritis. Gastritis can: happen suddenly and be short-lived (acute gastritis) happen gradually and last for a few months or years (chronic gastritis) What are the symptoms of gastritis? Not everyone with gastritis will have symptoms.

Gastric sleeve surgery

What is gastric sleeve surgery? Gastric sleeve surgery, or sleeve gastrectomy, is surgery for weight loss that involves removal of a large part of the stomach. After the surgery, the person feels full after eating a small amount of food. The surgery also makes people feel less hungry because a smaller stomach will produce lower levels of a hormone called ghrelin, which causes hunger. When should I consider gastric sleeve surgery? Gastric sleeve surgery is a form of bariatric surgery, also called weight loss surgery. It is sometimes recommended for people who are very obese, or who have health problems caused

Gastric bypass

What is gastric bypass surgery? Gastric bypass is a surgical procedure that can help people with obesity to lose weight and improve their health. It decreases the size of the stomach and changes the way the stomach and small intestine absorb food, making it easier to lose weight. This procedure is also called a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. When should I consider gastric bypass surgery? If you are very obese and have other health problems, and have tried hard to lose weight by dieting and doing more exercise, your doctor might suggest gastric bypass surgery to help with weight loss. Gastric bypass surgery

Gardnerella

What is bacterial vaginosis? Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition. It is sometimes known as BV, non-specific vaginitis, or Gardnerella. Bacterial vaginosis occurs when the types of bacteria that live in the vagina are out of balance. It is normal to have vaginal discharge. But any change in what you usually experience might mean there is an underlying issue. What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis? In about half of all cases of bacterial vaginosis, there are no noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they usually include: a white or greyish, wateryvaginal discharge an unpleasant or ‘fishy’ vaginal smell mild

Garcinia cambogia

What is Garcinia cambogia? Garcinia cambogia is a tropical plant native to India and South-East Asia. It looks like a cross between a pumpkin and a tomato. It’s also a supplement that has been promoted as a way to lose weight without additional exercise or dieting. The skin of the fruit contains a chemical called hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which has been found to aid weight loss in animal trials. The extract of HCA is available in powdered form or pill form and can be purchased online or in health stores under a range of names — garcinia, garcinia cambogia extract,

Ganglion cyst

What is a ganglion cyst? A ganglion cyst is a collection of fluid on a joint or tendon. Tendons are tissues that connect muscles and bones. Ganglion cysts usually appear on parts of the body including: the backs of hands the fingers the wrists the feet the ankles the knees Ganglion cysts are more common in women than men. They usually occur in young to middle-aged adults. What are the symptoms of a ganglion cyst? A ganglion cyst looks like a smooth lump under the skin. They can range from pea-sized to golf ball-sized. Occasionally they might not be visible at all.

Gambling addiction

When does gambling become a problem? Most people who bet don’t have a gambling problem, but some people become compulsive gamblers at some point in their life. People in this group lose control of their betting to the point that it negatively impacts their life. Pathological (harmful) gambling can be a form of addiction. People with a gambling addiction can’t control their urge to gamble, even if they are losing a lot of money. They are willing to risk something of value in the hope that the reward will be more valuable. Gambling addiction can seriously affect all areas of life.

Gallstones

What are gallstones? Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are hard, pebble-like masses that form in your gallbladder. Your gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen (tummy), below your liver. Gallstones can be made of undissolved cholesterol (called cholesterol gallstones) or the digestive fluid bile (called pigment gallstones). Your gallstones may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. You can develop one gallstone or many. Gallstones can block the tubes that carry digestive fluids from your gallbladder to your bowel, causing pain and/or other symptoms. What are the symptoms of gallstones? Some

GAD

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) What is generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)? Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a type of anxiety disorder where people have uncontrollable and persistent worry that affects their day-to-day life on an ongoing basis. What are the symptoms of GAD? You could be dealing with GAD if:   you uncontrollably worry about many different things, a lot of the time your worry makes it hard to do everyday things like working and seeing friends you’re often tired but can’t sleep properly you constantly feel tense or restless your heart races or your mouth gets dry you have difficulty concentrating you are

G6PD deficiency

What is G6PD deficiency? G6PD deficiency is a lifelong genetic disorder that causes your red blood cells to break down if you are exposed to certain foods, medicines or chemicals (triggers). People with G6PD deficiency are normally healthy but must avoid these triggers. Most people with G6PD deficiency are male. The breakdown of red blood cells, called ‘haemolysis’, can lead to anaemia (lack of red blood cells) and jaundice (the yellowing of skin and eyes). Certain triggers can cause your red blood cells to be destroyed faster than they can be replaced, known as acute haemolytic anaemia (AHA), which can be life-threatening. Triggers can include: medicines such

Full blood count

Key facts A full blood count (FBC) is a common blood test that can provide information about a range of conditions. A full blood count looks at the different cells in your blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. There are many conditions and medicines that can affect your FBC results. It’s important to discuss your test results with your doctor. What is a full blood count blood test? A full blood count (FBC) is a very common blood test. It’s also sometimes called a complete blood count (CBC) or full blood examination (FBE). A full blood

Frozen shoulder

What is frozen shoulder? Frozen shoulder (also known as adhesive capsulitis) is a painful musculoskeletal (muscle and bone) condition that affects the shoulder joint. Your shoulder joint includes your upper arm bone (humerus) and collarbone (clavicle) and their associated ligaments and tendons. These are contained in a covering or ‘capsule’ of connective tissue. If you develop frozen shoulder, this capsule becomes thickened and inflamed, leading to pain and stiffness. What causes frozen shoulder? Sometimes, frozen shoulder develops after a shoulder or arm injury. It can also develop after certain surgeries on the upper body, including shoulder surgery and open-heart surgery. Often, there is no

Frostbite

What is frostbite? Frostbite develops when the skin freezes after being exposed to very low temperatures. Frostbite can cause serious permanent damage. With proper preparation, however, you can greatly reduce your risk of developing frostbite. How does frostbite happen? In temperatures below 0.5 degrees Celsius, the skin freezes and ice crystals form in the tissue, damaging the cells. Blood flow to the affected area slows and can stop. Frostbite can also happen with prolonged exposure to temperatures below 2 degrees Celsius. Frostbite usually affects exposed areas such as the fingers, toes, ears, nose, cheek and chin. Who is at risk?

Frontotemporal dementia

What is frontotemporal dementia? Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a term for several diseases that affect the front and side lobes of the brain — the parts of the brain that control mood, social behaviour, attention, judgement, planning and self-control. It often affects people at a younger age than Alzheimer’s disease, typically between 45 and 65. FTD causes the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain to progressively shrink (atrophy). Depending on which parts of the brain are affected, a person with FTD may experience reduced intellectual abilities, personality changes, emotional problems, or lose the ability to use language. Unlike in Alzheimer’s

Fragile X syndrome

Key facts Fragile X syndrome is an inherited condition that causes intellectual disability and a range of physical, behavioural and emotional symptoms. Symptoms may include learning difficulties, movement and communication problems, anxiety and autism. Females are usually less affected than males. There is no cure, but treatments are available to help with symptoms. If you are a Fragile X carrier, you usually won’t have any symptoms, but you could pass on the condition to your children. Fragile X syndrome is an inherited, life-long condition that can cause a range of problems. Early diagnosis and treatment can help those affected to

Fractures

What is a bone fracture? A bone fracture is when the force of a blow or fall causes a bone to break. Fractures are especially common in children. There are different types of bone fracture, such as: a simple fracture — where the break goes all the way through the bone a greenstick fracture — where the bone is broken on one side, and only bent on the other a displaced fracture — where a broken piece of bone has moved out of its usual position a hairline or stress fracture — a crack in the bone from repeated movement

Foot care

There’s more to looking after your feet than wearing shoes and cutting your toenails. Foot conditions and injuries are common, and many health conditions affecting other parts of your body can also impact your feet. What are the types of foot problems? Common foot injuries Ligament sprains (for example, ankle sprain) happen when joint ligaments stretch and tear causing pain and swelling, and limit walking. Mild sprains heal with rest, ice and elevation (keeping them off the ground). Severe sprains need medical attention. Broken bones in the feet can be caused by trauma from a fall or sports injury. Common foot conditions

Foods high in zinc

What is zinc? Zinc is a mineral that is essential for many of the body’s normal functions and systems, including: the immune system wound healing blood clotting thyroid function senses of taste and smell Zinc also supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. Where does zinc come from? Zinc is found in many foods, but the body cannot absorb the zinc from all foods in the same way. Zinc tends to be better absorbed from animal-based foods, than plant-based foods. This means that vegetarians and vegans, or people on long-term restricted diets, are more likely to experience zinc deficiency.

Foods high in vitamin E

Why should I include vitamin E in my diet? Vitamin E is an antioxidant, which means that it can help protect cells in your body against damage caused by exposure to harmful substances such as cigarette smoke or radiation. Vitamin E also helps keep your immune system healthy, promotes good eye health and maintains healthy skin. Vitamin E may also have a role to play in maintaining heart health. Read more here about vitamin E and your health. What are the best natural sources of vitamin E? Vitamin E is found in fats and oils from animal products (meat, poultry, fish and diary foods), as well as vegetables, seeds and

Foods high in vitamin B

Why should I include vitamin B in my diet? Vitamin B should be a part of your diet. It helps your body function better, such as your metabolism (how your body converts food to energy). It also plays a vital role in your body’s cellular processes. Each type of vitamin B has a different but critical role in keeping you healthy. For example, B12, B6 and B9 are important vitamins for healthy brain and nerve function. Vitamin B2 is important for skin health and good vision. Go here for more information on vitamin B and your health. What are the best natural sources

Foods high in vitamin A

Why should I include vitamin A in my diet? Vitamin A helps to keep your body’s cells healthy and maintain a healthy immune system. Vitamin A is considered an essential vitamin. This means that your body cannot produce it. Your body relies on a diet that includes vitamin A. Some fruits and vegetables contain provitamin-A carotenoids, including beta-carotene. These undergo a reaction in your body to form vitamin A. This conversion doesn’t happen with animal sources of vitamin A. Go here for more information about vitamin A and your health. What are the natural sources of vitamin A? Fruit and vegetables Sometimes

Foods high in potassium

What is potassium? Potassium is a mineral that is essential for all of the body’s functions. It helps your nerves, muscles and heart function properly, as well as helping move nutrients and waste around your cells. Read more on potassium and your health. Where does potassium come from? Potassium is found in a wide variety of plants, meats and drinks. Potassium is also an ingredient used in some salt substitutes that people take to replace sodium in their diet. If you have kidney disease or take certain medicines, your potassium levels may be too high, so it is important to talk to your doctor before using

Foods high in magnesium

What is magnesium? Magnesium is a mineral essential for healthy muscles, nerves, bones and blood sugar levels. If you don’t get enough magnesium in your diet over a long time, you may be at a higher risk of health problems such as heart attack, stroke, diabetes and osteoporosis. Many foods contain magnesium, but the main sources in Australia are cereals and non-alcoholic drinks like coffee and water. Read more on magnesium and your health. Which foods are rich in magnesium? Most people get all the magnesium they need from food. In general, foods that are high in fibre provide magnesium. Some good sources of magnesium include:

Foods high in iron

Key facts Iron is an important nutrient that you can only get through your diet. Haem iron is found in meat, poultry and fish. Non-haem iron is found in plants, eggs, and nuts. The amount of iron you need each day depends on your sex and age. If you are concerned about your iron intake, speak to your doctor. What is iron? Iron is a nutrient that comes from your diet. It’s needed for many functions in your body, with one of the most important being to prevent anaemia. Iron is needed to make haemoglobin, a molecule found in your red