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Key facts Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by exposure to asbestos dust. Asbestos is a material that was commonly used in construction during the 1900s, until its use was banned in 2003. The main symptom of asbestosis is shortness of breath that is worse with physical activity. If your doctor thinks you may have asbestosis, they will assess your symptoms, ask about your past asbestos exposure and carry out lung function tests, as part of making a diagnosis. Asbestosis has no cure, but there are things you can do to reduce your risk of complications. What is asbestosis?