women’s health

#Vaginal problems

Vaginal and groin irritation and infection

February 10, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Irritation of the vulva and vagina is quite common and most women will experience it at least once in their lives. There is delicate skin around the groin, vulva and inside the vagina, making these areas vulnerable to a wide range of conditions that can cause irritation. (Vulva is the general name given to the external parts of the female genitals.) What causes vulva and vagina irritation? Many things can cause irritation including: an imbalance of the bacteria and microorganisms that normally live inside the vagina lubricants and spermicides and latex products used during sex, such as condoms Bartholin’s cysts

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#Vaginal problems

Vaginal dryness

February 10, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Vaginal dryness can be problem for women at all ages, but it is more common in older women, particularly after menopause. Talk to your doctor about what you can do to relieve vaginal dryness. What is vaginal dryness? Vaginal dryness is when the normal moisture is missing from the vagina. It is a common problem that causes burning, itching, pain or lack of lubrication during sex. Any woman can be affected by vaginal dryness, although it is most common in women who have experienced the menopause. It affects over half of women aged after menopause. Around a quarter of women

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#Vaginal problems

Vaginal discharge

February 10, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Every woman has some vaginal discharge. It is normal and needed: it keeps your vulva and vagina moist and keeps infections away. This is because normal vaginal discharge is slightly acidic, which repels germs. Normal vaginal discharge is mainly a combination of dead cells and vaginal bacteria. Normal discharge will change in appearance throughout your cycle. What is normal vaginal discharge? Typical vaginal discharge does not have an offensive smell and does not cause any irritation. It’s quite likely that you won’t even know you have any discharge until you see some in your underwear. It is usually clear or

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#Pregnancy

Planning for your pregnancy

February 10, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

If you are thinking about pregnancy, visit your doctor for a preconception consult. They will provide you with expert advice on planning your pregnancy. The preconception period (3 to 6 months prior to pregnancy) is the time to make life changes that can help boost fertility, reduce problems during pregnancy and assist in recovery from birth. Folic acid If you and your partner are planning to conceive, you should start taking a folic and iodine supplement before you get pregnant. Folic acid helps to provide the best health outcomes for your baby when they are growing. Taking folic acid daily

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#Pregnancy

Giving birth – contractions

February 10, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Contractions are when the muscles of your uterus (womb) tighten and then relax during labour. They help open the cervix and move the baby down the birth canal. Braxton Hicks contractions are practice contractions that don’t open the cervix. You can take a warm bath or shower or use a heat pack to relieve the discomfort of contractions. If you are giving birth in a hospital or birth centre, you may be offered medicines or epidural anaesthesia to help ease any discomfort. What is a contraction? Contractions refer to when the muscles in your uterus (womb) tighten and

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#Period problems

Toxic shock syndrome

February 10, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

What is toxic shock syndrome? Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a very rare but serious illness caused when toxins are released into the bloodstream from bacteria. The toxins can cause symptoms of shock and can also damage organs and body tissue, which can cause death if left untreated. It is often caused by staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria. TSS can affect anyone. It is more common among women when they are menstruating, but there is no evidence that tampons cause TSS. What are the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome? TSS can cause a number of symptoms, including: diarrhoea a sudden high

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#Period problems

Managing period pain

February 9, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Period pain is common and can feel different from person to person. Heat packs, exercise and relaxation may help you manage period pain. Pain relieving medicines, hormonal treatments and other pain relief techniques can help. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist for advice. In some people, period pain is caused by an underlying health condition. Treating the underlying condition can relieve the pain. See your doctor if your pain changes, doesn’t respond to treatment or stops you doing your usual activities. What does period pain feel like? Period pain, also called dysmenorrhoea, is common. It can prevent some

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#Fungal infections #Health topics - T #Sexual health #Vaginal problems

Vaginal thrush

February 8, 2024February 18, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

What is vaginal thrush? Vaginal thrush is a common yeast infection caused by the candida species of fungus. It is easily treated and can be prevented. It is also called vaginal candidiasis. Thrush occurs in many areas of the body, but especially in the vagina, anus and mouth. Vaginal thrush can affect women of any age, although it is more common in women between the ages of 15 and 50 years old. It is unusual in girls who have not yet begun their periods and in older women after menopause. What are the symptoms of vaginal thrush? The most common symptoms are itchiness,

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#Health checks for women

Breast checks to detect breast cancer

February 4, 2024February 4, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Make checking your breasts part of your everyday routines such as getting dressed or showering. You should be aware of the usual look and feel of your breasts so you can detect any changes. The earlier you get treatment for breast cancer, the better your chances of surviving the disease. Females aged 50–74 years should get regular mammograms to help maximise their chances of finding breast cancer early. Not every lump is a cancer. Discuss any changes with your doctor as soon as possible. Why should I check my breasts regularly? Checking your breasts regularly is the best

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#Female sexual problems #Vaginal problems

Vaginismus

February 4, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Vaginismus causes the muscles around the vagina to tighten involuntarily. This can cause some pain and discomfort. Vaginismus can occur whether you have had sex or not. Vaginismus usually occurs when the genital area is touched. This can be before sexual intercourse, before trying to insert a tampon, or during a gynaecological examination, for example. What are the causes of vaginismus? There are several possible causes of vaginismus. These include physical and psychological factors, such as: trauma during childbirth medical conditions like recurrent UTIs, yeast infections (thrush), chronic pain syndromes, endometriosis rape, sexual abuse or assault in the past a

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#Female sexual problems #Vaginal problems

Vaginal bleeding

February 4, 2024February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Vaginal bleeding normally occurs about once a month during your menstrual period. Bleeding between periods can also happen. See your doctor if you have heavy periods, bleeding between periods, bleeding after sex or bleeding after menopause. What is vaginal bleeding? Most females experience vaginal bleeding each month during their menstrual periods. Periods last an average of 5 days, but can last for up to 8 days. Bleeding from the vagina is also possible at other times. If you notice blood coming from your vagina at other times, or you are bleeding during your period in a way which

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#Health topics - S #Women's health

Self-examination (breasts)

January 18, 2024February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Make checking your breasts part of your everyday routines such as getting dressed or showering. You should be aware of the usual look and feel of your breasts so you can detect any changes. The earlier you get treatment for breast cancer, the better your chances of surviving the disease. Females aged 50–74 years should get regular mammograms to help maximise their chances of finding breast cancer early. Not every lump is a cancer. Discuss any changes with your doctor as soon as possible. Breast checks to detect breast cancer Why should I check my breasts regularly? Checking

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#Health topics - R #Period problems #Vaginal problems

Retained object or tampon

January 15, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Sometimes an object (also known as a ‘foreign body’) can become stuck in the vagina, or you may simply forget it is there. Common objects that may get stuck include tampons, condoms (or pieces of a condom if it has split), a contraceptive device (such as a diaphragm or sponge), or something inserted for sexual pleasure, such as a sex toy. It is important for the object to be removed as soon as possible. If you have tried to remove it but failed, you should consult a health professional as soon as possible. Retained tampon A tampon is ‘retained’ when

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#Endocrine disorders and diseases #Genetic disorders #Growth disorders #Health topics - T #Women's health

Turner syndrome

January 14, 2024February 17, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

What is Turner syndrome? Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting some females. It might cause problems with hearing, vision and fertility. It does not usually affect intellectual ability. Treatment with hormones can help manage some of the problems. Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder. This means there has been a change in the person’s DNA. Normally, a female has two X chromosomes in each cell. Turner syndrome happens when all or part of one of these X chromosomes is missing. The change in DNA can affect the child’s development. Turner syndrome affects about 1 in every 2,500 females born

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#Health topics - R #Women's health

Rectocele

January 14, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key Facts A rectocele is when your rectum bulges forward into your vaginal wall. It can cause difficulty when going to the toilet. Pelvic floor exercises, and plenty of fluid and fibre in your diet can help. What is a rectocele? A rectocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse. You may hear it called posterior vaginal prolapse. Prolapse means ‘fall out of place’. If you have rectocele, the rectum (the lower part of the large bowel) bulges forward into the vaginal wall. There are things you can do to help manage this condition. Rectocele What are the symptoms of

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#Health topics - P #Women's health

Prolapsed uterus

January 7, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts A prolapsed uterus is when your uterus (womb) comes out of place and slowly drops down towards the opening of your vagina. Your pelvic organs (uterus, bladder and rectum) can prolapse when the tissues that hold them in place are stretched or weakened. Treatment will depend on the type and extent of the prolapse, and how much it affects your daily life. What is a prolapsed uterus? Your pelvic organs (uterus, bladder and rectum) can prolapse when the tissues that hold them in place are stretched or weakened. This is called ‘pelvic organ prolapse’. A prolapsed uterus is

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#Health topics - P #Period problems

Premenstrual syndrome – [ PMS ]

January 7, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) describes physical changes as well as changes in mood that may occur around a week before your period each month. Although the exact causes of PMS are unknown, it is thought to be linked to the normal changing hormone levels during your menstrual cycle. There are several ways to help manage and treat symptoms of PMS including exercise, stress management, dietary modification and various medicines. Around 8 in every 100 females experience a more severe type of premenstrual syndrome called premenstrual dysphoric disorder. What is premenstrual syndrome? Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) describes physical changes as well

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#Health topics - P #Medicines information #Pregnancy

Pregnancy and medicines

January 7, 2024March 3, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

If you are thinking about taking a medicine while you’re pregnant, there are a few things to consider. This is because your baby’s growth and development can be affected by what you take. Each medicine is different. To make the best decision for you and your baby, learn what you need to be aware of. What should I be aware of when taking medicines during pregnancy? While many medicines are safe to take during pregnancy, a small number of medicines can harm your baby. The effect of the medicine on your baby can depend on the stage of your pregnancy.

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#Health topics - P #Pregnancy

Pre-eclampsia

January 7, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

What is pre-eclampsia? Pre-eclampsia is a serious medical condition that can occur after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It typically causes high blood pressure and can affect several of your body organs, including the liver, kidney and brain. If left untreated, it can lead to serious problems for you or your baby. Pre-eclampsia is the most common serious medical disorder that can occur during pregnancy. Mild pre-eclampsia can occur in up to 1 in 10 pregnancies, and severe pre-eclampsia in up to 1 in 100 pregnancies. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent life-threatening complications. What risk factors may increase my chances of

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#Health topics - P #Pregnancy

Postnatal depression (PND)

January 7, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Postnatal depression is common, affecting up to 1 in 5 new mums and 1 in 10 new dads. Common symptoms of postnatal depression include low mood, changes in sleep and appetite, and feelings of hopelessness. Unlike ‘baby blues’, postnatal depression lasts longer, is more severe and doesn’t usually go away without help. Your doctor or healthcare nurse can give you advice about support and treatment that may be right for you. If you are struggling, ask for help. It’s important to seek help if you think you may have postnatal depression — this is a common condition, and

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#Endocrine disorders and diseases #Health topics - P #Women's health

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

January 6, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects up to 1 in 10 females in their reproductive years. It may cause disruptions to the menstrual cycle, skin and hair changes, cysts on the ovaries and infertility. PCOS can cause a wide range of symptoms including excessive hair growth, menstrual irregularities and acne. PCOS increases your risk of other medical problems including high blood pressure and diabetes. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and following your doctor’s recommendations can help you manage the symptoms of PCOS and reduce your chance of complications. What is PCOS? Polycystic ovarian

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#Health topics - P #Pregnancy

Placenta praevia

January 6, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

What is placenta praevia? The placenta is an organ that develops at the same time as your baby. It is attached to the lining of your uterus (womb) during pregnancy. The placenta allows for oxygen and nutrients to pass from you to your baby. It also makes hormones that support your pregnancy. Sometimes the placenta develops in the lower part of your uterus. It usually moves up by the third trimester as your womb grows. But in about 1 in every 200 pregnancies it stays in the lower part of the womb. Placenta praevia is when your placenta stays low in your uterus

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - S

Skin cancer and melanoma

January 6, 2024February 4, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Skin cancer occurs when skin cells grow abnormally, usually from too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The 3 main types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma — melanoma is the most dangerous type. Anyone can get skin cancer, but it is more common in older people, people with fair or freckled skin and those with a family history. There are several ways to treat skin cancer, depending on the type, its size and location, and whether it has spread. Most skin cancers are successfully treated —

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#Health topics - P #Period problems

Periods during breastfeeding

January 1, 2024February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts After having a baby, your periods will return at your body’s own pace. If you are breastfeeding, your periods may not return for months or even years after childbirth. It’s possible to become pregnant while you are breastfeeding. If you want to avoid pregnancy, talk to your doctor or nurse about safe contraception methods while breastfeeding. When will my periods return while I’m breastfeeding? After having a baby, your periods will return at your body’s own pace. If you are breastfeeding your baby, your periods may not return for months or even years after childbirth. If your baby is being fed

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#Health topics - P #Women's health

Pelvic inflammatory disease

January 1, 2024February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? PID is infection and inflammation of one or more organs in a woman’s pelvic area, such as the cervix, endometrium (lining of the uterus), fallopian tubes or ovaries. It affects around 1 in 8 women and is most common in sexually active women aged 20 to 24. When diagnosed early, PID is easily treated and most women make a full recovery. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection and inflammation of one or more organs in a woman’s pelvic area. What are the symptoms of PID? Symptoms of PID include: lower abdomen or back pain pain during sex or

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#Health topics - P #Pregnancy

Pelvic floor exercises

January 1, 2024February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

What is the pelvic floor? Your pelvic floor is a group of muscles which support your bladder, uterus and bowel. These muscles form a ‘sling’ which attaches to your pubic bone at the front and your tailbone at the back. Your urethra, vagina and anus pass through the pelvic floor. A strong pelvic floor helps you to maintain good bladder and bowel control. Your pelvic floor is also important for good sexual function. The pelvic floor has an extra job during pregnancy — to support your growing baby. During labour and birth, your pelvic floor muscles need to relax and stretch to allow

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#Female sexual problems #Health topics - P #Vaginal problems

Painful sex for women

December 30, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Painful sex for women Experiencing some pain or discomfort before, during or after sex can affect women of all ages. But there are treatments available, and you can seek help. If you find that sex is often painful, you should visit your doctor to check there are no underlying causes. What is painful sex and what can cause it? Pelvic pain before, during or after vaginal intercourse is called ‘dyspareunia’. Painful sex can be caused by physical or psychological problems. Psychological causes (such as relationship problems, stress and anxiety) can make painful sex worse. Painful sex falls in to 2

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#Health topics - O #Women's health

Ovarian cysts

December 30, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac in your ovary. Most are not cancerous and many go away without treatment. Many cysts don’t cause symptoms. If they need to be removed, it’s usually possible with keyhole surgery. Sometimes a cyst can rupture or make your ovary twist. This may need emergency treatment. What is an ovarian cyst? An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in your ovary. They are common, and almost every female will have one at some stage. Most are not cancerous. What types of ovarian cysts are there? Functional cysts During a

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#Health topics - O #Women's health

Ovarian cancer

December 30, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Ovarian cancer does not usually cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Ovarian cancer is usually treated with surgery, often followed by other treatments. Ovarian cancer is more common in older women and those with a family history of cancer of the reproductive organs. If you have strong risk factors for ovarian cancer, you may wish to discuss your options with your doctor. What is ovarian cancer? Ovarian cancer is the presence of one or more tumours in the ovaries. This can occur when cells in an ovary start to

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#Health topics - M #Pregnancy

Morning sickness

December 26, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Morning sickness is a feeling of nausea or actual vomiting (being sick) during pregnancy. You are more likely to have morning sickness during your first trimester. There is no research to show that morning sickness causes harm to your baby. Some women are more likely to morning sickness than others — it’s hard to predict. What is morning sickness? Morning sickness is a feeling of nausea or actual vomiting (being sick) during pregnancy. Despite its name, morning sickness can happen at any time of the day or night. When will I get morning sickness? You are more

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#Health topics - M #Women's health

Menopause

December 23, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Menopause is when a woman stops having her monthly periods. Most women become menopausal between 45 and 60 years of age — this marks the end of the reproductive stage of their life. Symptoms during menopause include changes to the menstrual cycle, hot flushes, night sweats, muscle and joint aches, tender breasts and emotional changes. Ways to manage the symptoms of menopause include lifestyle changes, menopausal hormone therapy, and complementary therapies. What is menopause? Menopause is the time in life when you stop having monthly periods. This marks the natural end of the reproductive stage of your life, when your ovaries

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#Health topics - M #Period problems #Women's health

Menstruation

December 21, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Menstruation (also called a period) is bleeding from the vagina that happens once a month as part of the menstrual cycle. Each month the lining of your uterus becomes thicker to prepare the body for a potential pregnancy — if you don’t become pregnant, the lining breaks down and flows out as a period. Periods usually last 3 to 7 days and may sometimes be accompanied by abdominal pain and mood changes — but each female’s experience is different. Menstruation may stop because of changes in weight, stress, intensive exercise, hormone problems or medicines. See your doctor if

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#Health topics - M #Women's health

Mastectomy — breast cancer treatment or prevention

December 19, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts A mastectomy is surgery to remove your breast. A bilateral (double) mastectomy is removal of both breasts. A mastectomy is one of the treatments for breast cancer. What is a mastectomy? A mastectomy is an operation to remove your breast. A bilateral (double) mastectomy involves the removal of both breasts. When is a mastectomy needed? A mastectomy is usually done to treat breast cancer. Breast cancer is when cells start to grow abnormally in your breast. It can spread to other parts of the body. Surgery is just one of the treatments for breast cancer. Some people with a high

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - M

Mammography

December 18, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts A mammogram is a low-dose x-ray scan of your breasts. Mammograms find breast changes that are too small to see or feel during a physical examination. Mammograms can screen for breast cancer in people without symptoms, or help diagnose breast cancer in people with symptoms. Cancer Council Australia recommends that females aged 50 to 74 have regular 2-yearly screening mammograms to detect early breast cancers. Females aged over 40 can receive free 2-yearly screening mammograms through the BreastScreen Australia program. What is a mammogram? A mammogram uses low dose x-rays to create an image of the breast. It can find

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#Health topics - L #Women's health

Labia problems

December 14, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts The labia are the skin folds or lips that are part of your vulva; they look different from person to person. Labia problems can make you feel itchy or be painful. If you notice a change or a problem with your labia you should check with your doctor. What are the labia? The labia are the ‘lips’ or folds of skin on the outside of the vulva (female genitals). Your labia protect the clitoris, vagina and urethra. The labia swell during sexual activity. There are two pairs of labia. Labia majora The labia majora are the outer lips

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#Health topics - I #Pregnancy #Women's health

Incontinence (urinary)

December 10, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Urinary incontinence, or poor bladder control, is very common. There are different types of urinary incontinence, each with different causes and treatments. Lifestyle changes or physiotherapy can often cure or improve the condition. Symptoms can range from occasionally leaking some urine, to wetting yourself. Planning ahead can make living with urinary incontinence much easier. Urinary incontinence What is urinary incontinence? Urinary incontinence, or poor bladder control, is very common in Australia. It affects children, men and women, but is most common in older people. If you have trouble controlling your bladder, a simple lifestyle change or physiotherapy may be all that’s

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#Health topics - H #Women's health

Hysterectomy

December 10, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts A hysterectomy is surgery to remove the uterus (womb). It can treat many different problems, such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, fibroids or cancer. After a hysterectomy, you will no longer have periods and you can no longer become pregnant. Your cervix, fallopian tubes and ovaries might be removed as well, depending on your individual circumstances. A hysterectomy is a common and safe procedure, but it can sometimes cause complications such as bleeding, infection and damage to your bladder or bowel. What is a hysterectomy? A hysterectomy is major surgery to remove the uterus (womb). There are different

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#Health topics - H #Period problems

Heavy periods

December 8, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Heavy periods are common and affect about 1 in 5 females. The amount of blood lost during a period differs from person to person. Some people pass clots (clumps of blood) with their period. Heavy periods can lead to low iron levels and anaemia. Speak to your doctor if you feel your periods are heavy or affecting your quality of life. See your doctor immediately if you experience any bleeding after menopause. The amount of blood lost during a period differs from person to person. Some people pass clots (clumps of blood) with their period. Heavy periods are common and affect about

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - H

Healthy blood pressure

December 5, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts When blood is pumped by the heart around the body, the pressure of the blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels changes. Your blood pressure changes throughout the day depending on many factors including your general health and activity levels. Blood pressure can be measured manually, with a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope, or with an automated blood pressure machine. High blood pressure can increase your risk of many health conditions, especially heart disease. Low blood pressure does not always cause problems, but if it does, you should speak to your doctor about ways to manage it.

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#Health topics - H #Pregnancy

hCG test

December 4, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test is also known as the pregnancy test. The hCG test can be a blood or urine test. The hCG test can be done to detect and monitor pregnancy. It can also be used to detect and monitor some types of cancer. What is being tested? The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test is also known as the pregnancy test. This test measures the amount of the hormone hCG in your urine or blood. The hCG test can be used to both confirm and monitor a pregnancy. hCG is usually present only when a

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#Health topics - H #Pregnancy

hCG levels

December 4, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that’s found during pregnancy. It can be measured in your urine and blood. Your hCG levels are highest towards the end of your first trimester. Your hCG levels gradually go down over the rest of your pregnancy. What is hCG levels? Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that is found when you’re pregnant. It’s made by your placenta. When you’re pregnant, hCG can be found in your urine (wee) and blood. Blood tests that measure your hCG levels can also be used to check how well your pregnancy is progressing.

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#Endocrine disorders and diseases #Health topics - G #Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes

November 30, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that starts during pregnancy. Diabetes is a condition caused by too much glucose (sugar) in the blood stream. If you’re pregnant, it’s recommended that you have routine screening for gestational diabetes between week 24 and 28. Treatment for gestational diabetes usually involves monitoring your blood sugar levels, changing your diet and may involve taking medicines including insulin. Having gestational diabetes makes you more likely to develop type 2 diabetes in the future. What is gestational diabetes? Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that starts during pregnancy. It is different

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - G

Genetic testing

November 30, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Genetic testing is when a lab checks your genes for variations or mutations. Some types of genetic variations can cause medical problems or increase the likelihood of developing certain diseases in the future. You may consider genetic testing if you are planning a pregnancy, pregnant or are concerned that you or your child carry an inherited condition. Genetic counsellors can give you advice and support if you are considering genetic testing. It’s important to think about the potential implications of a genetic testing result before you have the test. What are genes? Genes contain the instructions for making

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#Health topics - F #Women's health

Uterine fibroids

November 26, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Uterine fibroids What are uterine fibroids? A uterine fibroid is a non-cancerous tumour that grows in and around the womb (uterus). It is also known as a myoma. Uterine fibroids develop from the muscle tissue of the uterus. They may also grow in the fallopian tubes, cervix, or tissues near the uterus. They can vary in size, from being so tiny you cannot see them with the naked eye to being the size of a melon. It is possible to have one or many fibroids. Most fibroids do not need treatment. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumours that grow in and around

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#Human anatomy for public knowledge #Women's health

Female reproductive system

November 25, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts The female reproductive system includes parts of the female body that are involved in fertility, reproduction and sex. It includes organs such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix and vagina. The menstrual cycle prepares the body for a possible pregnancy. Menopause is the stage of life when a female no longer has a menstrual period. Premenstrual syndrome, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, fibroids and cancer are conditions of the female reproductive system. What is the female reproductive system and how does it work? The female reproductive system is involved in sexual activity, fertility, pregnancy and childbirth. It is made

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#Hair problems #Health topics - F #Women's health

Female pattern hair loss

November 25, 2023February 17, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Female pattern hair loss refers to thinning of hair across your scalp, which can get worse over decades as you age. Most of the time hormone levels are normal, but occasionally it can be caused by high levels of androgens (male hormones). There are medicines that can slow down hair loss, but it can take several months to see results. Some people find it helpful to use hair products to hide thinning areas. Female pattern hair loss can be very distressing and can lead to difficulties with self-esteem, but help is available. What is female pattern hair loss?

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#Female sexual problems #Health topics - F

Loss of female libido

November 25, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Loss of female libido What is loss of female libido? Loss of libido (low libido or low sex drive) is a reduced desire to have sex. It can also mean a low sex drive that is persistent and won’t go away outside of the normal changes of your interest in sex. What are the symptoms of low libido? Symptoms of low sex drive or loss of libido might be: having no interest in any type of sex including masturbation rarely or never having sexual fantasies or thinking of sex being unhappy with your low desire for sexual activity or thoughts

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#Diagnostic tests #Health checks for women #Health topics - E

Eye tests

November 24, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Regular eye tests with an optometrist can help make sure your eyes are in good health. They can pick up problems with your eyes before you notice anything. You don’t need a doctor’s referral to see an optometrist for an eye test. Why should I have an eye test? Regular eye tests can detect and diagnose eye problems in the early stages, such as: glaucoma cataracts macular degeneration The earlier these problems are diagnosed, the sooner you can get treated. This will improve your vision outcomes. Eye tests can also help identify if you have trouble seeing at different distances. You

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#Health topics - E #Period problems #Women's health

Endometriosis

November 23, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Endometriosis is common, but often takes time to diagnose. It occurs when body tissue that is similar to the lining of the uterus (called endometrium), grows outside the uterus — this can cause inflammation, pain, affect fertility and impact your life. There are 4 stages of endometriosis, but having a higher stage does not mean you have more pain. Treatments include medical, surgical and complementary therapies to help you manage your endometriosis. Your doctor will discuss your options with you, to decide what treatment best suits you. What is endometriosis? Endometriosis is when body tissue like the lining

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#Health topics - E #Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy

November 23, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that grows outside your uterus (womb), usually in one of your fallopian tubes. Ectopic pregnancy is a type of early pregnancy loss. An ectopic pregnancy can be life-threatening if it causes heavy bleeding. There are some things that can increase your risk of having an ectopic pregnancy. Treatment can involve taking medicine or having surgery. What is an ectopic pregnancy? Ectopic pregnancy is one kind of early pregnancy loss. It is a potentially life-threatening complication that occurs in about 1 in 100 pregnancies. An ectopic pregnancy is when the fertilised egg does not

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#Health topics - D #Period problems

Dysmenorrhoea

November 22, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Period pain is common and is usually not caused by another health problem. Sometimes, an underlying health problem may be causing the pain. It’s important to see your doctor if you experience any change in your period pain or bleeding pattern. Relaxation, gentle exercise and heat packs can help relieve period pain. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist for advice on medicines that may relieve your period pain. Painful periods (dysmenorrhoea) How does period pain feel? There is a wide range of how period pain feels and how severe it is. Period pain (dysmenorrhoea) is usually felt in

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#Female sexual problems #Health topics - D

Difficulty reaching female orgasm

November 18, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Difficulty reaching female orgasm It’s common for women not to have orgasms – this is the case for about 1 in 3 women. Sometimes women who have experienced orgasms go through periods of time where orgasms are less frequent or absent. If you are unhappy about the amount, or type of orgasms you have, talk to your doctor. It’s quite natural for a woman to have experienced orgasms many times before, only to go through periods of time where orgasms are less frequent or absent. What can affect orgasm in women? Difficulty reaching an orgasm can be a result of

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - C

Cholesterol and lipid tests

November 10, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts A cholesterol (or lipid profile) blood test looks at the levels of cholesterol and other fats in your blood. You might need this test if your doctor wants to assess your risk of heart disease and stroke. You will usually need to fast for 8 to 12 hours before having this test. This means not eating any food and drinking only water. You should talk about the results of your lipid profile test with your doctor. What is a cholesterol and lipid blood test? Lipids and cholesterol are fat-like substances in your body. A cholesterol (or lipid profile) test looks

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - C #Women's health

Cervical screening test

November 8, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Cervical screening test The cervical screening test is a new, more accurate way of protecting females against cervical cancer. It was introduced in Australia in December 2017, and is expected to protect almost one third more people from cervical cancer than the old Pap test. The Pap test used to look for changes in the cells of the cervix, the entrance to the uterus (womb) from the vagina. Now the cervical screening test looks for evidence of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to cell changes in the cervix. The cervical screening test looks and feels the same as the Pap

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#Health topics - B #Pregnancy

Breastfeeding

November 6, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Breastfeeding provides all the nutrition your baby needs during their first 6 months of life. Any amount of breastfeeding is beneficial for you and your baby. Breastfeeding is a set of skills that both you and your baby will learn. Ideally, your baby will begin breastfeeding soon after they are born. Breastfeeding your baby What are the benefits of breastfeeding? Breastfeeding is a natural way to feed your baby. It provides all the nutrition your baby needs during their first 6 months of life. It also helps to create a loving bond between you and your baby. The first

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#Cosmetic procedures #Health topics - B #Women's health

Breast implants (breast augmentation)

November 5, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Breast augmentation (breast implants) Breast augmentation is a form of cosmetic surgery that may change a woman’s appearance by giving her larger breasts, or reconstruct the breast after mastectomy. It is sometimes called a breast enlargement, breast reconstruction or breast implant procedure. Some women have breast implants as part of reconstruction after breast cancer surgery. If this applies to you, please find further information about breast reconstruction on the Breast Cancer Network Australia website. This article concentrates on surgery for cosmetic reasons. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) cancels suspended breast implants available in the Australian market. In September 2019, the TGA

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - B

Bowel cancer screening

November 5, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Bowel cancer screening tests can detect bowel cancer early, before you have symptoms. Bowel cancer can be cured if it’s found early. A faecal occult blood test, or FOBT, is a type of bowel cancer screening test. If you are in Australia and aged between 50 and 74 years, the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program will send you a free test kit. Bowel cancer screening Why is bowel cancer screening important? A bowel cancer screening test can show early signs of bowel cancer. It can show up signs of cancer even before you have symptoms. Screening tests are different from

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - B

Bone density scan

November 4, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts A bone density scan is a medical test used to help identify low bone density and diagnose osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by low bone density and the weakening of the building blocks that make up your bones. People living with osteoporosis have porous, fragile bones, which can lead to an increased risk of fractures (broken bones). If you have higher-than-average risk factors for osteoporosis (for example, older age, various medical conditions and long term use of certain medicines) your doctor might refer you for a bone density scan. Bone density scans are widely accessible, painless, are

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - B

Blood glucose test

November 2, 2023February 4, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Blood glucose tests are also known as blood sugar tests. Blood glucose tests are usually used to check for or monitor diabetes. Blood glucose tests may also be recommended if you have symptoms that may be related to low blood glucose levels. Blood glucose tests may be done as part of a test called an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). If your result shows a high blood glucose level, your doctor may suggest repeating the test and having other tests. What is a blood glucose test? Blood glucose tests are also sometimes called blood sugar tests. Glucose is

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#Health topics - B #Period problems

Bleeding between periods

November 1, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Bleeding between periods What is bleeding between periods? After puberty and before menopause, women experience normal vaginal bleeding each month during their menstrual period. Normal vaginal bleeding, or a “period”, varies widely between women and can be different for you at different stages of your life. Generally, all women experience a menstrual period around once a month, approximately every 21 to 35 days, and it can last anywhere between 1 and 7 days. Bleeding between periods is any vaginal bleeding that occurs outside of a normal period. Bleeding between periods may be similar to a normal period, may be

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#Health topics - B #Vaginal problems #Women's health

Bartholin’s cysts

October 30, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts A Bartholin’s cyst can form when ducts near the vagina opening become blocked. Bartholin’s cysts are a collection of bacteria and pus. Symptoms may include discomfort or tenderness and pain, for example, during intercourse (sex). Diagnosis includes physical examination and testing of vaginal discharge. Treatment is not always needed but may include self-care, drainage or antibiotics. What is a Bartholin’s cyst? A Bartholin’s cyst is when the ducts of the glands at the entrance of the vagina become blocked and the fluid builds up to cause a cyst. These glands are called Bartholin’s glands and are found on

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#Health topics - B #Vaginal problems

Bacterial vaginosis

October 29, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

What is bacterial vaginosis? Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition. It is sometimes known as BV, non-specific vaginitis, or Gardnerella. Bacterial vaginosis occurs when the types of bacteria that live in the vagina are out of balance. It is normal to have vaginal discharge. But any change in what you usually experience might mean there is an underlying issue. What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis? In about half of all cases of bacterial vaginosis, there are no noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they usually include: a white or greyish, watery vaginal discharge an unpleasant or ‘fishy’ vaginal smell

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#Health topics - A #Period problems #Women's health

Adenomyosis

September 28, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

What is adenomyosis? Adenomyosis is a condition that affects your uterus (womb). It can cause painful and heavy periods. This condition affects 20% to 35% of females. If you have adenomyosis, you might also have a similar condition called endometriosis. The features of these 2 conditions overlap. What are the symptoms of adenomyosis? Symptoms of adenomyosis can include: heavy periods painful periods pain during sex chronic (ongoing) pain in the pelvis bleeding between periods infertility The symptoms may be mild for some people. But they can also be severe enough to interfere with your work, study and enjoyment of life.

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#Health checks for women #Health topics - B #Healthy lifestyle

Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference

September 22, 2023February 17, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are measurements that you can use to see if you’re a healthy weight. Body mass index and waist circumference can be used to assess your risk of developing some health issues. In some populations, body mass index is less accurate. What is body mass index (BMI)? Body mass index (BMI) is calculated from your weight and height. BMI is calculated by dividing your weight by the square of your height as follows: BMI = Weight in kilos/Height in metres x Height in metres You can find your BMI using the healthdirect BMI

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#Health topics - S #Men's health #Women's health

Sexual harassment

September 17, 2023February 29, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual advance or behaviour. If you are being sexually harassed, it can impact on your life mentally and physically. If you and another person consent to a sexual behaviour, including flirting, this is not sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is against the law in Australia, and it is everyone’s right to live free of harassment. If you are a victim of sexual harassment, you can report it and get support. What is sexual harassment? Sexual harassment covers a range of unwanted or unwelcome sexual behaviour. Sexual harassment is sexual behaviour that can make a person

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#Health topics - S #Men's health #Women's health

Sexual assault and rape

September 17, 2023February 29, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Sexual assault is any unwanted behaviour of a sexual nature that makes a person feel uncomfortable, scared or threatened. Anyone can experience sexual assault and most victims know the person who assaulted them — which can include a spouse. If you’ve been assaulted, you decide whether to report a sexual assault to the police or a support service. This can be done at any time. Avoid washing yourself or your clothes immediately after an assault, so physical evidence can be collected if you choose to report the assault. There are many sexual assault helplines and rape-crisis centres that can help

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#Health topics - D #Men's health #Women's health

Domestic violence and abusive relationships

September 17, 2023February 29, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Domestic violence is when someone uses violence or manipulation to maintain power and control over someone they’re close to. Anyone, regardless of their background, can find themselves in an abusive relationship. Domestic violence can include many different forms of abuse. These include physical violence, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and financial abuse. Domestic violence is never your fault. If you think you are in an abusive relationship, get help now from your family, friends or GP. What is domestic violence? Domestic violence (also known as family violence) is when someone uses violence or manipulation to maintain power and control

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#Health topics - C #Sexual health #Women's health

Contraception options

September 17, 2023February 17, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Using contraception (birth control) allows people to have penis-in-vagina sex while preventing an unplanned pregnancy. Many different methods of contraception are available. It’s important to discuss contraception with a new partner before you decide to have sex. Contraception affects both you and your partner, so you are both responsible for it. Your doctor can help you understand the benefits and risks of each type of birth control. What is contraception? Contraception (birth control) can be used to prevent unplanned pregnancies. Pregnancy can happen when sperm released during penis-in-vagina sex fertilises an egg, which then implants in your uterus (womb).

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#Health topics - P #Women's health

Puberty for girls

September 17, 2023February 10, 2024 By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Puberty in females usually begins between the ages of 8 and 13 years. Puberty involves physical and emotional changes that can be both challenging and exciting. Having conversations with a parent or other trusted adult can help you while you experience these changes. When does puberty begin? Puberty in girls usually begins between the ages of 8 and 13 and lasts for several years. It is the time where your body develops and matures. Puberty prepares your body so one day you will be able to have a baby. The changes are caused by natural substances in your

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#Period problems

Irregular periods

September 11, 2023February 9, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts When you first start getting your period, it’s normal for your menstrual cycle to be irregular. For most people, menstrual periods will eventually become regular, but some never develop a regular cycle. There are many lifestyle factors and medical conditions that can cause your periods to become irregular. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. See your doctor if your periods are irregular. Even if it doesn’t bother you, it’s important to check what is causing this and whether it is healthy for you. If your period is late or has stopped, it’s very important to check if you

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#Health topics - A #Pregnancy

Abortion

September 4, 2023February 10, 2024 By Sama Mohamed

Key facts An abortion (also known as termination) is the medical process of ending a pregnancy, so it does not result in the birth of a baby. There are many different reasons people may choose to have an abortion. Depending on how many weeks you have been pregnant, the pregnancy can be ended by taking a special type of medicine, or by having a surgical procedure. Abortion is legal in all states and territories in Australia, but the laws on abortion differ from state to state. Counselling can help you decide between your options, and can help you come to

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