problems

Urinary problems in women

Some cancer treatments lower sex hormone levels in the body. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone. Low levels of these sex hormones can sometimes cause urinary problems in women, including infections and incontinence. The importance of oestrogen An important function of oestrogen is to help to keep the wall of the urethra elastic and the pelvic floor muscles healthy. The urethra is the tube that takes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The pelvic floor muscles surround the lower part of the bladder and urethra. When the amount of oestrogen in the body

Bone problems and osteoporosis in prostate cancer

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can lower the levels of sex hormones (testosterone) in the blood. This can cause different side effects including problems with your bones. How does hormone therapy for prostate cancer affect the bones? Hormone therapy lowers the levels of testosterone. This can cause thinning and weakening of the bones. How can I reduce the risk of bone problems? Make sure your diet has enough calcium and vitamin D. This helps to keep your bones healthy.  Can I take medicines to help with bone loss? Your doctor may suggest you take medicines called bisphosphonates to help with bone

Bowel problems and sex after radiotherapy for prostate cancer 

Radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells. It is a common treatment for prostate cancer. Radiotherapy to the prostate gland can affect your sex life in several ways. For example, daily treatments for several weeks can make you very tired. You might not feel like having sex. Other side effects can affect you when having anal sex. Side effects include: loose poo or diarrhoea irritation and pain around the back passage and anus leaking poo How diarrhoea affects your sex life You might get diarrhoea during radiotherapy and for some time afterwards. This can be unpleasant and tiring. It may put you

Sex and erection problems after treatment for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer treatments can affect your sex life. Some treatments can damage the nerves that you need to get an erection. Other treatments can affect the levels of hormones needed to get and maintain an erection.   Even if you can’t get a full erection, you can still have a sex life. There are several treatments that may help you but not everyone chooses to have treatment. Treatments might include: drug treatments such as tablets and creams vacuum pumps implants Sex therapy and counselling can also help. Speak to your doctor or specialist nurse if this is something you think might help.  

Problems with sleeping

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can change the levels of sex hormones in your body. This can cause different side effects including difficulty sleeping (insomnia).  What is insomnia? Insomnia is when you have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep at night. Does hormone therapy for prostate cancer cause insomnia? Hormone therapy can cause side effects such as hot flushes and anxiety. This can make it difficult to sleep. What are the best treatments for insomnia?   Relaxation techniques such as meditation can help. Your doctor might also suggest medicines if you’re finding it very difficult to sleep. Difficulty sleeping and

Amyloidosis

Overview Amyloidosis refers to the extracellular deposition of fibrils that contain a variety of proteins. An amyloid fibril is simply the assembly of insoluble protein fibres that are composed in a way that is resistant to degradation. This composition is known as a beta-pleated sheet. These deposits of amyloid fibrils are extracellular (i.e. occurring outside of cells) and may be seen in different tissues and organs. Hepatic amyloid. Seen as amorphous, acellular pink material on H&E stain The problem with amyloid is that deposition in tissue can lead to organ dysfunction. When organ dysfunction is caused by amyloid we usually

Prostate problems

Key facts The prostate is a gland that sits in the pelvis of males, just below the bladder and plays a role in semen production. Problems with the prostate include prostate enlargement, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. These problems cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating (weeing) and pain. If you experience symptoms of prostate problems, you should see your doctor. What is the prostate? The prostate is a gland found only in males. The main function of your prostate is to produce the major fluids that make up semen. The prostate sits in your pelvis, between your bladder and penis. The

Ankylosing spondylitis

Key facts Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a kind of arthritis that mainly affects your spine. It often begins before the age of 40 years. Ankylosing spondylitis affects males more often than females. It’s not known what causes ankylosing spondylitis. There’s no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, but medicines can help manage your symptoms. What is ankylosing spondylitis? Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a kind of arthritis that mainly affects the joints and ligaments of your spine (back bone). ‘Ankylosing’ means stiff and ‘spondylo’ means vertebra. It can also affect other large joints, like your hips and shoulders. Ankylosing spondylitis can also cause