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    Heart and cardiovascular conditions

    Medicine21™  ›  Medical Research Center  ›  Medical reports  ›  Heart and cardiovascular conditions

    Angina

    Chest pain can be caused by many things, including angina (also known as angina pectoris). Angina is chest pain or discomfort (tightness)

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    Aneurysms

    An aneurysm is a bulge caused by a weakening of the blood vessel wall. It can happen in any blood vessel, but is seen more often in arteries.

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    Aortic coarctation

    Aortic coarctation is a heart condition that mainly affects newborn babies. It is a narrowing of a section of the aorta,

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    Aortic dissection

    Aortic dissection is a rare but very dangerous condition where there is a tear in the aorta, the large blood vessel that runs from the heart

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    Aortic stenosis

    Aortic stenosis is a heart condition affecting your aortic heart valve. It can sometimes lead to problems like heart failure.

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    Atrial fibrillation

    Atrial fibrillation is a type of heart arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeat). Atrial fibrillation is when your atria (the upper chambers of your heart)

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    Bradycardia

    Bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate. A normal adult resting heart rate is between 60 – 100 beats per minute (bpm).

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    Brugada syndrome

    Brugada syndrome is a rare, genetic condition that can disrupt your heart rhythm. It can cause dizziness or, in serious cases

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    Cardiomyopathy

    Cardiomyopathy refers to a range of diseases that affect your heart muscle. If you have cardiomyopathy, your heart can’t pump blood 

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    Coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis

    Coronary heart disease is a chronic (long-lasting) disease. It affects the blood vessels that supply

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    Endocarditis

    Endocarditis is a rare but serious condition caused by infection of the inner lining of your heart. It usually involves one or more 

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    Heart arrhythmias

    An arrhythmia is a heart condition where your heart beats abnormally. This is due to a problem with the electrical signals 

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    Heart attack

    To work properly, your heart needs a continuous supply of blood. It normally receives this from blood vessels called coronary arteries.

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    Heart failure

    Heart failure (also known as ‘congestive heart failure’ or CHF) occurs when your heart muscle has become too weak to pump blood 

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    Heart murmur

    Heart murmurs are sounds made by blood flowing through your heart or nearby blood vessels. There are several causes of heart murmurs.

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    Heart palpitations

    Most of the time you won’t notice your heartbeat, but if you suddenly become aware of it, this may concern you or come as a surprise.

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    High blood pressure (hypertension)

    As blood is pumped by the heart around the body, the pressure with which it pushes against the walls of blood vessels changes.

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    Low blood pressure (hypotension)

    As blood is pumped by the heart around the body, the pressure with which it pushes against the walls of blood vessels changes.

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    Pericarditis

    Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac-like membrane around the heart. It becomes swollen and irritated.

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    Peripheral vascular disease

    Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is also known as ‘peripheral artery disease’ (PAD). It usually refers to narrowing of the arteries 

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    Pulmonary embolism

    A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot gets stuck in the blood vessels in your lungs. It is normal for your blood to clot,

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    Rheumatic fever

    Rheumatic fever is an illness that can occur after an infection with a type of bacteria called group A streptococcus (commonly known as GAS).

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    Aneurysms

    An aneurysm is a bulge caused by a weakening of the blood vessel wall. It can happen in any blood vessel, but is seen more often in arteries.

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    Stroke

    A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of your brain is suddenly reduced. This prevents your brain from getting oxygen 

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    Tachycardia

    Tachycardia means that your heart is beating faster than normal, usually more than 100 beats per minute. Some forms of tachycardia 

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    Thrombosis

    Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms either in an artery or vein. The clot is known as a thrombus. Normally, your blood will only clot 

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    Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

    A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) happens when the blood supply to your brain is temporarily blocked. This may happen 

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    Stroke Risk Factors Infographic

     

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    November 2, 2024 Co-

    Combined Hormonal Contraceptives: Drospirenone 3mg and Ethinylestradiol 20mcg (28-day regimen)

    WHAT IS THIS MEDICATION FOR? HOW SHOULD I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I FORGET TO TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT PRECAUTIONS SHOULD I TAKE WHEN TAKING OR USING THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME RARE BUT SERIOUS SIDE-EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IMMEDIATELY? WHAT FOOD OR MEDICATION SHOULD I AVOID WHEN I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? HOW SHOULD I STORE THIS MEDICATION? HOW DO I THROW AWAY THIS MEDICATION SAFELY? DISCLAIMER Drospirenone 3mg / Ethinylestradiol 20mcg (e.g. Yaz®, Drospera®, Jastinda®) is

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    Combined Hormonal Contraceptives: Desogestrel 150mcg and Ethinylestradiol 20mcg (21-day regimen)

    WHAT IS THIS MEDICATION FOR? HOW SHOULD I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I FORGET TO TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT PRECAUTIONS SHOULD I TAKE WHEN TAKING OR USING THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME RARE BUT SERIOUS SIDE-EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IMMEDIATELY? WHAT FOOD OR MEDICATION SHOULD I AVOID WHEN I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? HOW SHOULD I STORE THIS MEDICATION? HOW DO I THROW AWAY THIS MEDICATION SAFELY? DISCLAIMER Desogestrel 150mcg / Ethinylestradiol 20mcg (e.g. Mercilon®) is a combined

    November 2, 2024 Co-

    Combined Hormonal Contraceptives: Chlormadinone acetate 2mg and Ethinylestradiol 30mcg (21-day regimen)

    WHAT IS THIS MEDICATION FOR? HOW SHOULD I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I FORGET TO TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT PRECAUTIONS SHOULD I TAKE WHEN TAKING OR USING THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME RARE BUT SERIOUS SIDE-EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IMMEDIATELY? WHAT FOOD OR MEDICATION SHOULD I AVOID WHEN I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? HOW SHOULD I STORE THIS MEDICATION? HOW DO I THROW AWAY THIS MEDICATION SAFELY? DISCLAIMER Chlormadinone acetate 2mg / Ethinylestradiol 30mcg (e.g. Belara®) is a

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