Gastric bypass

What is gastric bypass surgery?

Gastric bypass is a surgical procedure that can help people with obesity to lose weight and improve their health. It decreases the size of the stomach and changes the way the stomach and small intestine absorb food, making it easier to lose weight. This procedure is also called a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

When should I consider gastric bypass surgery?

If you are very obese and have other health problems, and have tried hard to lose weight by dieting and doing more exercise, your doctor might suggest gastric bypass surgery to help with weight loss.

Gastric bypass surgery is a very effective type of surgery for weight loss, but it is not for everyone. Discuss with your doctor which approach is best for you, and talk about what to expect. You could ask:

• What’s the average loss of weight after a year?
• What’s the average loss of weight after 5 years?
• What’s my role after surgery?

Losing weight after gastric bypass surgery can help reduce problems with type 2 diabetes, asthma episodes and blood pressure, and can help improve heart health.

How do I prepare for gastric bypass surgery?

If you are planning to have surgery, you are likely to need different tests to make sure that a gastric bypass is right for you.

Your doctor will advise you about any changes you need to make to medicines and diet in the weeks or days before surgery.

What happens during gastric bypass surgery?

Gastric bypass surgery is performed while under general anaesthetic and will probably involve a hospital stay of 3 to 5 days.

The surgery is usually done as a keyhole procedure, but sometimes an open operation is needed.

During the procedure, staples are used to create a small pouch in the top part of the stomach, as the image below shows.

The pouch is attached by stitches to the lower part of the small intestine so food will bypass most of the stomach and the first part of the small intestine.

Less food will be absorbed into the body and you will feel full after eating only a small amount.

What can I expect after the procedure?

If you have had gastric bypass surgery, at first you will be on liquid food only. That will change to pureed food then to solids after a few weeks.

A dietitian will advise you on how you can change your eating habits after gastric bypass surgery to keep healthy while losing weight.

You will also need to take vitamin and mineral supplements for life to replace those normally absorbed in the first part of the small intestine.

You have an important role to play to lose weight. If you follow your dietary guidelines and do more physical activity, that will increase the amount of weight you will lose. You will need to make these changes to your lifestyle permanent to keep the weight off.

What can go wrong?

As with any surgery, there is a risk of infection or that the surgery does not work. There might also be bleeding or leaks from the staple line or joins, or bowel obstruction.

Some people find they have low blood sugar after surgery and feel weak. A few don’t absorb all the nutrients they need. Talk to your doctor about the risks of the procedure.