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Chronic viral hepatits B may lead to cirrhosis. Patients with this condition and would need treatment. ​Chronic liver disease secondary to viral hepatitis B infection. This is usually asymptomatic but may lead to liver cirrhosis/hardening after years of inflammation. Some will require treatment to suppress inflammation and retard progression to cirrhosis. Treatment is usually oral medications (occasionally injection regime).

WHAT IS TONSILLITIS TONSILLITIS RISK FACTORS TONSILLITIS SYMPTOMS TONSILLITIS PREVENTION CHRONIC TONSILLITIS SURGERY Persistent inflammation of the tonsils can cause chronic tonsillitis. What Is Tonsillitis Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils, two pads of tissue situated on either side of the back of the throat that act as a defence against bacteria and viruses entering the mouth. For this reason, they can become vulnerable to infection. Tonsillitis is usually caused by a virus but can also be caused by bacteria. Chronic tonsillitis occurs when symptoms persist beyond two weeks. Tonsillitis Risk Factors Tonsillitis is usually a childhood condition, affecting

WHAT IS CHRONIC SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA? CHRONIC SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA — SYMPTOMS CHRONIC SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA — CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS DIAGNOSING CHRONIC SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA CHRONIC SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA: TREATMENT Chronic subdural haematoma(CSDH) is a neurological condition, which is more common among the elderly. Learn more about the condition, its symptoms, treatment and more. What is Chronic Subdural Haematoma? CSDH is a neurological condition that refers to a collection of blood and blood breakdown products between the surface of the brain and its outermost covering (dura). It is common among elderly patients and chronic alcoholics, and may be caused by a minor or major 

WHAT IS SINUSITIS? CAUSES OF CHRONIC SINUSITIS CHRONIC SINUSITIS COMPLICATIONS SINUSITIS SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS OF SINUSITIS CHRONIC SINUSITIS TREATMENT Chronic sinusitis causes mucus accumulation and inflamed nasal passages. What is Sinusitis? Sinusitis occurs when the cavities around the nasal passages (the sinuses) become inflamed and swollen. This interferes with drainage and causes mucus to build up in the nose and sinuses.  Causes of Chronic Sinusitis There are different causes of sinusitis.• Viruses are the most common cause of sinusitis; infections caused by viruses are usually easily treatable • Bacterial sinusitis symptoms usually last longer and respond to oral antibiotics• Fungal sinusitis is

Chronic rhinitis causes mucus accumulation and swollen noses. ​​The cavities around nasal passages (sinuses) become inflamed and swollen. This interferes with drainage and causes mucus to build up in the nose and sinuses.

EARLY STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE GOAL OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE TREATMENT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE SYMPTOMS WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE FOR KIDNEY PROBLEMS? CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE TREATMENT What happens when the kidneys stop functioning properly? Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of the kidneys’ filtering ability, usually due to high blood pressure or diabetes. When kidney function is seriously impaired, dangerously high levels of fluid and wastes can accumulate in the body. Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease In the early stages of CKD, there may be few signs or symptoms. In fact, many people with CKD

WHAT IS CHRONIC CONSTIPATION? CHRONIC CONSTIPATION CAUSES HOW TO PREVENT CHRONIC CONSTIPATION CHRONIC CONSTIPATION TREATMENT Constipation commonly refers to infrequent or difficult bowel movements. Learn how to resolve or prevent chronic constipation through lifestyle changes and know when to seek medical help for the condition. What is Chronic Constipation? Constipation means different things to different people. Most commonly, it refers to infrequent bowel movements, but some interpret it as a decrease in the amount of stool. Others describe constipation as difficulty in passing motion, a sense of incomplete evacuation, or the need for medication to help pass motion.  Chronic Constipation

WHAT IS THIS MEDICATION FOR? HOW SHOULD I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I FORGET TO TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT PRECAUTIONS SHOULD I TAKE WHEN TAKING OR USING THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME RARE BUT SERIOUS SIDE-EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IMMEDIATELY? WHAT FOOD OR MEDICATION SHOULD I AVOID WHEN I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? HOW SHOULD I STORE THIS MEDICATION? HOW DO I THROW AWAY THIS MEDICATION SAFELY? DISCLAIMER Medication Information Leaflet What is this medication for? This medication

WHAT IS CHOLESTEROL? HOW TO LOWER CHOLESTEROL LEVELS Keep heart disease at bay with these cholesterol management tips. Learn why reducing your cholesterol levels is crucial to heart health. What is Cholesterol? Cholesterol is a fat-like substance that is produced by the body or derived from food. It is necessary for the body to function normally and build cell walls, though it takes only a small amount in the blood to meet those needs. Hence, it is important to learn how to manage cholesterol, as excess cholesterol is harmful to health. Cholesterol is carried through one’s bloodstream by special proteins

WHAT IS CHOLESTEROL? CAUSES OF HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL WHERE DOES CHOLESTEROL COME FROM? TYPES OF CHOLESTEROL DOES CHOLESTEROL CAUSE HEART DISEASE? Does high cholesterol cause heart disease? Learn about the relationship between high cholesterol and heart disease and how you can reverse its effects for the sake of your heart. What Is Cholesterol? Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in the cell walls of our body, from the nervous system to the liver to the heart. The body uses cholesterol to make hormones, bile acids, vitamin D and other substances.  Causes of High Blood Cholesterol Various factors may contribute to

WHAT IS THIS MEDICATION FOR? HOW SHOULD I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I FORGET TO TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT PRECAUTIONS SHOULD I TAKE WHEN TAKING OR USING THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME RARE BUT SERIOUS SIDE-EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IMMEDIATELY? WHAT FOOD OR MEDICATION SHOULD I AVOID WHEN I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? HOW SHOULD I STORE THIS MEDICATION? HOW DO I THROW AWAY THIS MEDICATION SAFELY? DISCLAIMER Chlorpromazine is used to treat and prevent the return of

WHAT IS THIS MEDICATION FOR? HOW SHOULD I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I FORGET TO TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? WHAT PRECAUTIONS SHOULD I TAKE WHEN TAKING OR USING THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS MEDICATION? WHAT ARE SOME RARE BUT SERIOUS SIDE-EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IMMEDIATELY? WHAT FOOD OR MEDICATION SHOULD I AVOID WHEN I TAKE OR USE THIS MEDICATION? HOW SHOULD I STORE THIS MEDICATION? HOW DO I THROW AWAY THIS MEDICATION SAFELY? DISCLAIMER Medication Information Leaflet What is this medication for? Chlorhexidine is

WHAT IS CHLAMYDIA? SYMPTOMS COMPLICATIONS DIAGNOSIS AND SCREENING TREATMENT HOW CAN I PROTECT MYSELF? Known as a silent disease, early symptoms of chlamydia often go unnoticed. But if left untreated, the disease can seriously damage the reproductive organs. Find out what causes chlamydia, the symptoms to look out for, and how to treat this sexually transmitted infection. What is Chlamydia?   A chlamydia infection is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which can be transmitted via vaginal, anal or oral sexual intercourse.  Any sexually active person may get infected with chlamydia through contact with mucous membranes of vagina, urethra, rectum or mouth. An infected mother can

IS EXPOSURE TO GERMS A WAY TO BOOST CHILDREN’S IMMUNE SYSTEM? CAN MAKING THE ENVIRONMENT AND YOUR CHILD EXTREMELY CLEAN ACTUALLY MAKE THEM MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO GERMS? Dr Ng Chung Wai, Family Physician and Chairperson (Infection Control and Infectious Diseases Workgroup), SingHealth Polyclinics, a member of the SingHealth group, answers your questions on children’s immunity. Is Exposure to Germs a Way to Boost Children’s Immune System? While getting an actual infection may make a child immune to subsequent infections by the same germ, this is not always the case. For example, a child can get diphtheria more than once. The

1. COMMON COLD 2. BRONCHITIS AND BRONCHIOLITIS 3. STOMACH FLU (GASTROENTERITIS) 4. HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE (HFMD) 5. FEBRILE SEIZURES 6. CHICKENPOX 7. ECZEMA 8. ASTHMA 9. ALLERGIC RHINITIS (ALLERGIES) 10. CONSTIPATION Here are the symptoms and treatments for the 10 most common paediatric medical conditions. 1. Common Cold   Does your child have a blocked or runny nose and watery eyes? Is he sneezing and coughing? He could be having a cold. Colds are common among infants and toddlers. If the child’s body feels hot, he could also be running a fever.   What to Do:   • Keep him hydrated

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS CHICKENPOX SYMPTOMS COMPLICATIONS CHICKENPOX TREATMENT SELF-CARE PREVENTION Chickenpox is a common childhood disease. Highly contagious, it is characterised by a fever and small, red, itchy blisters on the face and body. Anyone can get chickenpox. However, while it is more common in children, its effects are often more severe in adults than in children. While chickenpox is common and harmless to most people, it may have an adverse impact on those whose immune systems are impaired such as newborn infants, those undergoing chemotherapy for cancer, people with AIDS, as well as those taking steroids like cortisone or prednisone.

CHEST PAIN CAUSES OF CHEST PAIN HEART CONDITIONS AND CHEST PAIN Not all chest pain signals a heart attack, but tightness in the chest and chest discomfort might signal heart conditions. While one’s first instinct is to wonder if a pain in the chest is a heart attack, it is helpful to understand that there are many causes for chest pain. Chest Pain Chest pain may feel like a sharp, stabbing, burning, dull, or squeezing sensation and may be caused by problems in the lungs, oesophagus, muscles, ribs or nerves. The severity of these conditions ranges from insignificant to life-threatening.