Pharmacology department

Non-Opioid analgesics and antihistaminic

Non-Opioid analgesics and antihistaminic pharmacology Indicate the clinical condition that is an indication for NSAID monotherapy:A. extra-articular rheumatic diseases (myositis, tendovaginitis, synovitis)B. systemic lupus erythematosusC. dermatomyositisD. migraineE. all of the above diseases Correct answer is :Extra-articular rheumatic diseases (myositis, tendovaginitis, synovitis) Compared with indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid has a more pronouncedA. analgesic effectB. inhibition of Pg synthesisC. antiplatelet effect on plateletsD. anti-inflammatory effectE. antipyretic effect Correct answer is :Antiplatelet effect on platelets Choose a selective COX-2 inhibitor: A. acetylsalicylic acidB. diclofenacC. celecoxibD. ketorolacE. indomethacin Correct answer is :Celecoxib The following drug has the greatest gastrotoxicity:A. ibuprofenB. indomethacinC. meloxicamD. diclofenacE. paracetamol Correct answer

Anti-biotics

Anti-biotics pharmacology Which structure of the microorganism is affected by cephalosporins:A. ribosomeB. cell wallC. nucleusD. mitochondriaE. vacuoles Correct answer is :Cell wall Which side effect is characteristic for aminoglycosides:A. nephrotoxicityB. vestibulopathiesC. neuromuscular blockadeD. cochleatoxicityE. all of the above Correct answer is :All listed side effects are characteristics for aminoglycosides Which antibiotic is characterized by the penicillin type of resistance development:A. erythromycinB. tetracyclineC. rifampicinD. gentamicinE. cefazolin Correct answer is :Cefazolin The metabolic rate of theophylline is altered when used concomitantly with which antibiotic:A. doxycyclineB. cefazolinC. erythromycinD. gentamicinE. penicillin Correct answer is :Erythromycin Which group of antibiotics more often causes allergic reactions:A.

Blood and hemostasis

Blood and hemostasis  State a drug that is a direct anticoagulant:A. alteplaseB. warfarinC. clopidogrelD. fractiparinE. aspirin Correct answer is :Fractiparin Specify the drug belonging to the group of antiaggregants:A. FraxiparinB. acetylsalicylic acidC. urokinaseD. hirudinE. warfarin Correct answer is :Acetylsalicylic acid  Identify the drug belonging to the group of thrombolytics:A. acetylsalicylic acidB. tenecteplaseC. warfarinD. heparinE. fractiparin Correct answer is :tenecteplase  What is the mechanism of antiplatelet action of acetylsalicylic acid:A. reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenaseB. inhibition of thromboxanthaseC. blockade of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complexesD. irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase activityE. fibrin dissolution Correct answer is :Irreversible inhibition of cycle-oxygenase activity State the index that

Gastro-Intestinal system

Gastro-Intestinal System  Which drug blocks the proton pump?A. omeprazoleB. almagelC. famotidineD. atropineE. misoprostol Correct answer is :Omeprazole  Which of the following drugs maximally inhibits the secretion of hydrochloric acid:A. famotidineB. ranitidineC. misoprostolD. omeprazoleE. atropine Correct answer is :Omeprazole  Which of the following drugs promotes eradication of H.pylori:A. azithromycinB. famotidineC. clarithromycinD. lincomycinE. gentamicin Correct answer is :Clarithromycin  Which anti-ulcer agents can cause hypophosphatemia:A. aluminum-containing antacidsB. bismuth-containing medicationsC. Proton pump blockersD. H2-histamine blockersE. synthetic prostaglandins Correct answer is :Aluminum-containing antacids  Which receptors are affected by famotidine:A. M1-cholinoreceptorsB. M2-cholinoreceptorsC. H1-histamine receptorsD. H2-histamine receptorsE. N-cholinoreceptors Correct answer is :H2-histamine receptor  Which drug neutralizes hydrochloric

Respiratory system

Respiratory System In which situation you should not suppress a cough:A. excruciating unproductive coughB. cough in central cancerC. cough if there is a foreign body in the bronchiD. before bronchoscopic examinationE. cough with signs of sputum separation Correct answer is :In case of cough with sputum separation signs, you shouldn’t suppress cough Choose a narcotic anti-cough medication:A. codeine B. sinecodeC. glaucineD. paxeladineE. prenoxdiazine Correct answer is :Codeine Choose a non-narcotic cough suppressant:A. sinecodeB. prenoxdiazineC. paxeladineD. glaucineE. all of the following Correct answer is :All listed drugs are non-narcotic cough suppressants Which anti-cough medication is part of bronchodilator:A. libeccinB. butamirateC. oxeladineD. pentoxiverineE.

General pharmacology

General pharmacology Pharmacokinetics is:A. the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugsB. the study of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugsC. the study of toxicity and side effectsD. methodology of clinical testing of drugsE. study of drug interactions Correct answer is :The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs What are the types of absorption in the GI tract:A. filtrationB. diffusionC. active transportD. pinocytosisE. all types Correct answer is :All mentioned types are correct, absorption in GIT can be filtration, diffusion, active transport or pinocytosis The result of a high degree of drug binding to

Dual biologic therapy for the treatment of rheumatic diseases and asthma: a case series 

Abstract Objective Combination biological therapies are being considered increasingly for patients with multiple co-morbidities requiring biologics. There are limited data available on this approach, and concerns remain about the possible risk of adverse events, particularly infection. Methods We present three patients on dual biologics for rheumatic disease and asthma. The biologic combinations used were etanercept and mepolizumab, infliximab and omalizumab, and etanercept and omalizumab. The time on combination biologic therapies ranged from 24 to 36 months. Patients were monitored for any serious adverse events. Results All three patients were able to tolerate combined biologic therapies, with no serious adverse events. All

reporting ADR – Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting

National Pharmacovigilance Centre, DRAP collects reports of suspected Adverse Events associated with the use of therapeutic products. Anyone can report a suspected adverse events. DRAP has enabled both electronic and manual systems for collection of reports of suspected adverse events:- LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define an adverse drug reaction. Discuss the detection of adverse drug reactions. Discuss the assessment of adverse drug reactions. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE REPORT? Your report matters. Together, letus save lives through vigilant reporting.

Antibiotic therapy for multidrug-resistant nosocomial infections (Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Enterobacteriaceae)

Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter spp.: Increasingly Problematic Nosocomial Pathogens Kyungwon Lee, Dongeun Yong, Seok Hoon Jeong, and Yunsop Chong Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Received: June 8, 2011Corresponding author: Dr. Yunsop Chong,Department of Laboratory Medicine,Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance,Yonsei University College of Medicine,50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu,Seoul 120-752, Korea.Tel: 82-2-2228-2446, Fax: 82-2-313-0908E-mail: [email protected]∙ The authors have no financial conflicts ofinterest. Pathogenic bacteria have increasingly been resisting to antimicrobial therapy. Re-cently, resistance problem has been relatively much worsened in Gram-negativebacilli. Acinetobacter spp. are typical nosocomial pathogens causing infectionsand high mortality, almost exclusively in compromised

Antibiotics in the treatment of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia

Empirical antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia and accuracy for Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Clamydophila pneumoniae: a descriptive cross-sectional study of adult patients in the emergency department Abstract Background Many factors determine empirical antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to describe the empirical antibiotic treatment CAP patients with an acute hospital visit and to determine if the current treatment algorithm provided specific and sufficient coverage against Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Clamydophila pneumoniae (LMC). Methods A descriptive cross-sectional, multicenter study of all adults with an acute hospital visit in the Region of Southern Denmark between January 2016 and

EU Drug Approval Process

Introduction:   The EU drug approval system includes several routes that pharmaceutical companies can utilize to get their products approved across the 27 member states. These pathways are designed to accommodate the diverse nature of medicinal products and their intended uses:   Centralised Procedure (CP) Mutual Recognition Procedure (MRP) Decentralised Procedure (DCP)     Centralised Procedure (CP):   The Centralised Procedure is the process used by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the evaluation and approval of medicines for human and veterinary use, intended to be marketed within the European Union. Here’s a breakdown of the three main steps:   Step

CPIC® Guideline for Pharmacogenetics-Guided Warfarin Dosing

Most recent guideline publication: Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guidelines for Pharmacogenetics-guided Warfarin Dosing: 2016 Update (December 2016) Updates since publication: No updates on dosing recommendations since this publication. Figures provided in the main manuscript of the guideline: Figure 1. Schematic representation of warfarin metabolism and its mechanism of action. Figure 2. Dosing recommendations for warfarin dosing based on genotype for adult patients Figure 3. Dosing recommendations for warfarin dosing based on genotype for pediatric patients Supplement to: Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guidelines for Pharmacogenetics-guided Warfarin Dosing: 2016 Update Tables provided in the guideline publication supplement or referenced in