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Chemistry exam , Mechnikov university acceptance exam 2023-2024

SECTION-A 1. The element that exhibits negative oxidation state in IIIA group elements is(1) B (2) Al(3) Ga (4) Tl 2. Boron halides are(1) Electron efficient compounds(2) Ionic compounds(3) Lewis bases(4) Used as refractory compounds 3. Inorganic graphite is(1) (BN)n (2) BF4(3) B2H6 (4) B2N2H6 4. Which of the following is the correct formula of borax?(1) Na2[B4O5(OH)4]. 2H2O(2) Na2[B4O5(OH)4]. 4H2O(3) Na2[B4O5(OH)4].6H2O(4) Na2[B4O5(OH)4].8H2O5. Borax glass is a mixture of(1) NaBO2 + B2O3 (2) Na2B4O7+B2O3(3) H2B4O7 + B2O3 (4) Na2B4O7.10H2O+B2O3 6. Boric acid is prepared from borax by the action of(1) HCl (2) NaOH(3) CO2 (4) Na2CO3 7. Orthoboric acid (H3BO3) and

Main chemistry topics for Saint Petersburg University in Egypt 

Section 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY 1. Subject and tasks of chemistry.  – Physical and chemical phenomena.  – The place of chemistry among the natural sciences.  – Chemistry and ecology. 2. Fundamentals of atomic-molecular teaching.  – The concept of atom, element, substance.  – Relative atomic and relative molecular mass.  – A mole is a unit of quantity of a substance.  – Molar mass.  – Stoichiometry: law of conservation of mass of matter, constancy of composition. Relative gas density. 3. Chemical elements.  – Signs of chemical elements and chemical formulas.  – Simple substance, complex substance. Allotropy.  – Valency and oxidation state.

Main biology topics for Saint Petersburg University in Egypt

Principles of biology   – Basic attributes of living systems. Biological disciplines, biotechnology, biomedicine, main branches of medicine. Biological terminology. Key discoveries in biology and medicine.  – Chemical elements and molecules of living systems. Basic metabolic pathways.   Molecular genetics   – Central dogma of molecular biology. Structure and function of nucleic acids and proteins.  – DNA replication, transcription, translation and genetic code. Genome, chromosome, and gene structure.   – Mutations and their consequences. Basic molecular genetic methods.   Cell biology   – Structure and organization of cells (prokaryotic, eukaryotic, plant, animal). Origin, structure, and function of mitochondria. Origin, structure,

The solid state

1.1. Why are solids rigid?Ans: The constituent particles in solids have fixed positions and can oscillate about their mean positions. Hence, they are rigid.   1.2. Why do solids have definite volume?Ans: Solids keep their volume because of rigidity in their structure. The interparticle forces are very strong. Moreover, the interparticle spaces are very few and small as well. As a result, their volumes cannot change by applying pressure.   1.3. Classify the following as amorphous or crystalline solids: Polyurethane, naphthalene, benzoic acid, Teflon, potassium nitrate, cellophane, polyvinyl chloride, fibreglass, copperAns: Crystalline solids: Benzoic acid, potassium nitrate, copper Amorphous solids: Polyurethane, Teflon,

Chemistry Syllabus for medical colleges entrance exams 

Chemistry – The Entrance Exam Topics General and inorganic chemistry SI units. Atomic structure. Subatomic particles. Electron configurations. Symbols of the elements. Periodic properties of the elements. Stoichiometry. Weight relationships (atomic number, atomic mass number, molecular weight…). Mole concept. Writing balanced chemical equations. Calculations based on balanced equations. Concentrations (expressing and calculating concentration, weight, volume percent, molarity). Nomenclature and formula writing. Thermochemistry. Reaction heat. Chemical bonding. Ionic bonding. Polar and nonpolar covalent bonding. Intermolecular forces in solids, liquids and gases. Kinetics. Activation energy and catalysis. Equilibria. Acid-base equilibria. Electrolytic dissociation. Dissociation constant. Strong and weak electrolytes. pH. Hydrolysis. Solubility product.

Biology Syllabus for medical colleges entrance exams

Biology – The Entrance Exam Topics Principles of biology   » Basic attributes of living systems   » Biological disciplines, biotechnology, biomedicine, main branches of medicine   » Biological terminology   » Key discoveries in biology and medicine   » Chemical elements and molecules of living systems   » Basic metabolic pathways Cell biology   » Structure and organization of cells (prokaryotic, eukaryotic, plant, animal)   » Origin, structure, and function of mitochondria   » Origin, structure, and function of chloroplasts, photosynthesis   » Structure and function of ribosomes   » Nucleus and chromatin, human karyotype   » Cell cycle,

 Fibre to Fabric

1. Which of the following animals yields wool? a) Yak b) Goat c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above Answer: c 2. _______ phase requires a lot of feeding. a) Caterpillar b) Larva c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above Answer: c 3. Which state is a leading producer of wool? a) Himachal Pradesh b) Punjab c) Haryana d) None of the above Answer: b 4. Which of the following is an animal fibre? a) Wool b) Silk c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above Answer: c 5. _______ is responsible for Sorter’s disease. a)

 Garbage In, Garbage Out

Q-1: Which of the following is a friend of the farmer? a) Redworms b) Earthworms c) Moths d) Mosquitoes Answer: b) Earthworms Q-2: Which of the following is the method of preparing compost with the help of redworms? a) Recycling b) Vermicomposting c) Composting d) Both b) and c) Answer: b) Vermicomposting Explanation: The process of converting kitchen garbage into compost with the help of redworms is known as vermicomposting. Q-3: Which of the following helps the redworms to grind their food? a) Teeth b) Gizzard c) Mouth d) Hands Answer: b) Gizzard Explanation: Redworms do not have teeth. They have a structure called ‘gizzard’, which

Air Around Us

1. The gas plants use for respiration is: a.) Oxygen b.) Carbon dioxide c.) Nitrogen d.) All of the above Answer – (a.) Oxygen Explanation – The diffusion process allows oxygen from the air to enter a leaf through the stomata and reach all cells. This oxygen is used in the respiration of leaf cells. 2. Which of the following components of air is harmful to living beings? a.) Nitrogen and oxygen b.) Carbon dioxide and water vapour c.) Smoke and water vapour d.) Dust and smoke Answer – (d.) Dust and smoke Explanation – Breathing in smoke and dust can enter our respiratory system (lungs)

Water

1. Which of the following is a source of freshwater? a.) Groundwater b.) Rainwater c.) Surface run-off d.) All of the above Answer – (d.) All of the above Explanation – Freshwater is water that occurs naturally on Earth’s surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams, as well as underground aquifers and underground streams. 2. Heavy rainfalls lead to: a.) Drought b.) Earthquake c.) Landslides d.) Floods Answer – (d.) Floods Explanation – Heavy rainfalls lead to a rise in the level of water in rivers, lakes and ponds. This water spreads over large areas causing floods. Drought occurs

Changes Around Us

Q-1: Which of the following is a change that can be reversed? a) Batter to Idli b) Grain to its flour c) Milk to paneer d) Stretched rubber band to its normal size Answer: d) Stretched rubber band to its normal size Explanation: The changes that can be reversed are those that, after taking place, can regain their original shape and size. Because the rubber band can return to its original shape after stretching, the change is reversible. While all other changes are irreversible. Q-2: Which of the following changes that occur in our bodies is reversible? a) Increase in height b) Decrease

Separation of Substances

1. The process by which butter can be separated from milk is ____. a.) Sedimentation b.) Decantation c.) Filtration d.) Churning Answer – (d.) Churning Explanation – Churning is the process of continuously moving milk or curd with skimmers to produce butter. 2. Which of the following processes can be used to separate a liquid from an insoluble solid? a.) Evaporation b.) Sedimentation c.) Distillation d.) Filtration Answer – (d.) Filtration Explanation – Filtration is the process of separating suspended solid matter from a liquid by passing it through the pores of a membrane known as a filter. For example, tea leaves are separated from tea

Sorting Materials Into Groups

Class 6 Sorting Materials Into Groups MCQs   1. Which of the following materials is transparent? a.) Stainless steel plate b.) Glass tumbler c.) Mirror d.) Plastic bottle Answer – (b.) Glass tumbler Explanation – Almost all the light that strikes transparent materials passes directly through them. In stainless steel, mirror and plastic bottles, light cannot pass through them, and they are therefore not considered transparent.   2. From the given options, choose the one that does not belong to the group. a.) Milk b.) Honey c.) Oil d.) Ink Answer – (c.) Oil Explanation – Milk, honey and ink can dissolve in water, but oil

General biology

Q1. In the complete year, Rabi Crops are grown in which season? Spring Rainy Summer Winter Ans. Winter   Q2. Rhizobium Bacteria which fixes atmospheric nitrogen are found in nodules growing in: Leaves of leguminous plants Roots of leguminous plants Stem of leguminous plants All options are correct Ans. Roots of leguminous plants   Q3. The grain seed is separated from the chaff in the harvested crop. The process is called as: Seeding Weeding Threshing Ploughing Ans. Threshing   Q4. Select the examples of Multicellular Microorganism from the following: Algae and Fungi Algae and Bacteria Bacteria and Viruses Bacteria and

Fibre to Fabric

1. Which one of the following is a synthetic fibre? a.) Rayon b.) Nylon c.) Polyester d.) All of the above Answer – (d.) All of the above Explanation – Synthetic fibres are man-made polymers that are used to create fabric. Polymers are formed when many small units are chemically joined together.   2. The process of separating cotton fibres from the seeds is called ____. a.) Retting b.) Ginning c.) Weaving d.) Spinning Answer – (b.) Ginning Explanation – Ginning is the process of separating cotton fibres from cotton seeds or lint. It also aids in the removal of

Virginity and Sexual Offences MCQ

1. Essential (first) step in rape examination :the victim consent 2. raped, 17 years old girl ..The most imp. Sign is :lacerated hyemen 3. Which of the the following has a medicolegal importance:dentate hyemen 4.sodomy is :anal sex 5.the most important sign in a habitual sodomist is :anal dilatation 6. fourteen yrs old girl complain of amenorrhea after puberty:imperforated hymen 7. In rape murder, identifiable spermatozoa or portion of spermatozoa up to1 week 8.Hymen that medico-legally importance:Fleshy dilatable hymen 9.14 years old girl patient after puberty … amenorrhea:Imperforated hymen 10. Recent tears of the hymen:Translucent 11.Incest sex:Between persons of the

General Toxicology MCQ

1. the most rapid form of poison is :A) SolidB) Gas***C) PowderD) Solution 2. in uncomplicated stable case of poisoning best line of Rx is :A) Antishock measuresB) Physiological antidotsC) Supportive care***D) Induction of vomiting 3.which of these is a hepatotoxic poison :A) Alcohol***B) AtropineC) MorphineD) Amphetamine 4.Which of the following causes blindness:A) Mercury.B) Amphetamine.C) Morphine.D) AtropineE) Non of the above*** 5.cyanide poisoning is ineffective in cases :A) Taking low doseB) Have low acid in stomachC) Have hyperacidityD) No acid in stomach – achloride*** 6.emesis with syrup of ipecac is contraindicated in:A)comaB)convulsionsC)absent gag reflexD)corrosive poisoningE)all of the above***F)non on the

Drug dependence MCQ

1.best method for Rx of barbiturate dependence is :A) Gradual withdrawal***B) Abrupt withdrawalC) Use of antidotesD) Psychiatric therapyE) ?? 2. cross dependence is ! ability of a drug to :A) Increase addictionB) Start withdrawal symptomsC) Stop dependence state***(suppress the manifestation of physicaldependence produced by other drug+maintain physical dependent state)D) Maintain ! addiction stateE) ?? 3. Nalline test is used for ! Dx of :A) Amphetamine dependenceB) Alcohol dependenceC) Cocaine dependenceD) Opiates dependence*** 4. the most common complication of cocaine ubused by sniffing is :A) DeathB) Cerebral hemorrhageC) Nasal septal perforation***D) Heart failure 5. morphine dependence is best characterizes by :A)

Asphyxia MCQ ModelNo. 1

1. Compressing the neck by the bend of the elbow is :A) Mugging. ****B) Bansdola.C) Burking.D) Choking 2. Elimination of volatile poisons through the lungs by inhalation:A) 100% O2.B) 95% O2 & 5% CO2.****C) 90% O2 & 10% CO2.D) 85% O2 & 15% CO2.E) 80% O2 & 20% CO2. 3. The petechial hemorrhage of asphyxia is easily seen in:A) HeartB) LungC) EyeD) sclera**** 4. Mechanism of Petecheal formation in asphyxia is:A) Rise in venous pressure.****B) Rise in Arterial pressure.C) Rise in capillaries pressure.D) Rise in Arterioles pressure. 5. Strangulation rope marks is:A) low-down in the neck.***B) Oblique in position.C) Incomplete.D)

Firearm Injuries MCQs

1. In oblique firing, the inlet is ((I guess it has the same meaning of slanting)) :A) RoundedB) Oval***C) Surrounding by powder marksD) Large than exit 2. which of ! found in inlet of far firing :A) TattooingB) Loss of substance***C) Everted edgeD) Burn 3. A lady was shot by a revolver at a distance of 2m , inlet would be :A) Inverted edge***B) Large than exitC) BlackenedD) Regular in shape 4. the inlet of contact firearm injury is best described by ! presence of :A) Inverted edgeB) Everted edge caused by gasesC) Muzzle shaped burning***D) Minimal powder markers 5.

Physical Injuries MCQs

1.A man with heat collapse has:A) CyanosisB) Slow pulseC) Slow respirationD) Subnormal temperature*** 2. Which of the following affect the shape of electric burn:A) Type of currentB) Age of victimC) Pathway of the currentD) Exposed body surface area*** 3. The mechanism of death from cold is:A) Carboxy haemgolobin formationB) Central nervous system depressionC) Red asphyxiaD) Respiratory enzyme inhibition **** (paralysis of cytochrome oxidase enz.)E) Paralysis of circulation 4. Which of the following predispose in sun stroke:A) AgeB) SexC) Physical healthD) Atropine***E) Morphine 5. The best treatment for heat cramps is:A) IV fluidB) Increase salt intake***C) Ice bags 6. Ionizing radiation

Head Injuries MCQs

1.Lucid interval is the period of :A) ConcussionB) AmnesiaC) Consciousness****D) Profound coma 2.Concussion lasts for:A) Minutes****B) 1hC) 6 hD) 12 hE) 12 – 24 h 3. A man was hit by head of an axe will result in :A) Fissure fractureB) Depressed fracture****C) Comminuted fractureD) Cut fractureE) ?? 4. Brain compression due to fissure fracture:A) Traumatic injuryB) Followed by concussionC) Caused by hemorrhage***D) Caused by depressed boneE) ?? 5. Brain contusion means:A) Pia mater is opendB) Pia mater is laceratedC) There is skull bleedingD) There is skull fractureE) ?? 6. Best sign for lateralization is :A) Weak rapid pulseB) Unequal

Wounds MCQs

1. Contusion may take the shape of striking surface if caused by:A) StoneB) TireC) Stick***(I HOPE IT’S RIGHT)D) Hammer 2. A 55 years old man had a fracture of the right tibia. After 3 days the most expected dangerous complication is:A) ShockB) Fat embolism***C) Bone marrow embolismD) Reactionary hemorrhage 3. Stab penetrating wound…Injury to:A) The deep musclesB) The subcutaneous tissueC) Dural or synovial cavityD) Pleural or pericardiumE) C &D**** 4. Contusion is yellow due to:A) Biliverdin in 5th dayB) Biliverdin in 7thdayC) Reduced Heamoglobin in 3rd dayD) Bilirubin in 2nd dayE) Bilirubin in 5th day*** 5.Bridging of tissues occurs in:A)Contused

Postmortem changes MCQs

1. PM Identification is difficult in cases of:A) Severe burns.B) Severe putrefaction.C) Multiple stab wounds.D) Complete charring. ***E) Absence of the head (decapitation) 2. Adibocere occurs in bodies submerged under the water after death for a period of:A) 5 daysB) 1 weekC) 2 weeks***D) 3 weeks 3. Which of the following causes pressure at ….:A) StoneB) KnifeC) Rope***D) Stick 4. Which of the following is a mechanism of RM:A) Loss of muscle toneB) Loss of reflexesC) Depletion of ATP***D) Sever nervous stress 5. Hypostasis in case of hanging is found in:A) The backB) Head & neckC) ShoulderD) Lower limbs*** 6.

Forensic Medicine MCQ Model No. 2

1.Foot prints are most commonly used for:A) Trailing the enemies in desert.B) None mixing of infants in Hospitals. ***C) Solving of crimes.D) A & BE) B & C 2. Complete identification means identification of:A) Sex and ageB) Individuality *** 3. The first permanent Teeth erupt at:A) 5 yearsB) 6 years***C) 7 yearsD) 8 yearsE) 9 years 4. Trans-sexuality is:A) Female pseudo hermaphroditeB) Male pseudo hermaphroditeC) Conflict between gender & physical sex***D) None of the above alone. 5. Blue line on the gum indicates poisoning with:A) Lead***B) MercuryC) ArsenicD) Cadmium 6. The weakest point during iris print identification in ML practice

Forensic Medicine MCQ Model No. 1

1. Foot prints arte most commonly us9ed for:a. Training the enemies in desertb. None mixing of infants in Hospitals.c. Solving of some crimes.d. Personal identification.   2. Which of the following is a Mechanism for Rigor mortis?a. Depletion of ATP.b. Loss of muscle tone.c. Loss of reflexes.d. Sever nervous stress.   3. Rigor mortis appears first in the muscles of:a. Upper limb.b. Lower limb.c. Neck.d. Trunk.e. Face.   4. In a fire accident a body was found dead within 30 minutes from the start of fire. You can expected mechanism of death to be:a. rupture of Curling ulcer.b. Pneumonia or

GIT Pathology Module No. 1

Which one of the following is true about Barret`s esophagus? A biopsy will show a histological finding of columnar to squamous metaplasia It is a known precursor of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus It is a known precursor of carcinoma of the stomach It is a known precursor of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus The most common location is in the proximal (upper) third of esophagus 83 years old man with anemia, weight loss and dysphagia. Endoscopy revealed a large polypoid and ulcerated lesion in mid- esophagus. The MOST LIKELY diagnosis is: transitional cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma squamous papiloma leiomyosarcoma squamous

CVS Pharmacology module No. 1

Which one of the following drugs is associated with the development of a lupus-like syndrome, especially in patients identified as “slow acetylators”? Arniodarone Clonidine Nitroglycerin Procainamide Terazosin Which one of the following actions is characteristic of amiloride? Alkalosis Block of Na reabsorption in the proximal tubule Hyperkalemia Increased tubular reabsorption of Ca Bicarbonaturia The most common manifestation of lidocaine toxicity is CNS dysfunction drug fever hypertension hypokalemia torsade A patient with hyperthyroidism develops a cardiac arrhythmia. Optimal treatment of the patient should include management with amiodarone bretylium digoxin lidocaine propranolol Calcium channel antagonists increase intracellular CAMP decrease myocardial contractility increase

Physiology model No. 1

1) all of the following statements are true for the myosin head except : a-it has an actin binding site b-it has ATP binding site c-it has ATPase activity d- it has a Ca+2 binding site   2) end-plate potential : graded   3) Extracelluar fluid can be measured by: a-Radio active iodine b-Even’s blue dye c-inulin d-deuterium oxida(heavy water) e- creatinine   4) facilitated diffusion: a-does not need carrier protein b-passive transport   5)Na+_K+ pump: a-coupled with ATP b-downhill its electrochemical gradient c- pump 3 K   6) A normal individual with total body water of 42 L have

Biochemistry module No. 1

The peptide bond: has a partial double bond character is charged but non polar has cis conformation can be easily destroyed by acids keeps the integrity of proteins by hydrophobic interaction   Regarding elastin: it is a tough protein with high tensile strength it is rich in proline and lysine it is soluble protein polymer cannot regain its original length when stretched mutation of tropoelastin gene leads to marfans syndrome   Which is incorrect about proline: it contains imino group it has uncharged polar group important for fibrous structure of collagen doesn’t participate in hydrogen bonds its side chain has

Embryology model No. 2

1) regarding corpus luteum which is incorrect : a- it developed under the effect of LH b- it secretes progesterone c- when pregnancy occurs degeneration of corpus luteum is preventedby hCG d- if oocyte is not fertilized the corpus luteum degenerate 10-12 days after ovulation e- corpus luteum of pregnancy remain active throughout the gastation period   2) which of the following component plays the most active role in invading the endometrium during implantation: a- epiblast b- syncytiotrophoblast c- hypoblast d- extraembryonic somatic mesoderm e- extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm   3) proliferative phase is influenced by the following hormones: a- estrogen

Embryology MCQ model No. 1

1. This phase in the development of sperm has no counterpart in ovum-development (a) spermiogenesis (b) phase of multiplication (c) phase of growth (d) polar body formation Answer: (a)   2. During this phase, the nuclear envelope begins to disappear (a) cytokinesis (b) S phase (c) Anaphase (d) Prometaphase Answer: (d)   3. In humans, the number of ova and sperms that would be produced from 100 secondary oocytes and 100 secondary spermatocytes during gametogenesis is (a) 50 ova, 100 sperms (b) 100 ova, 100 sperms (c) 100 ova, 200 sperms (d) 200 ova, 200 sperms Answer: (c)   4.

Anatomy MCQ Module No. 4

1) Which of the following terms describes the body’s ability to maintain its normal state? (A) Anabolism(B) Catabolism(C) Tolerance(D) Homeostasis(E) Metabolism 2) Which of the following best describes the human body’s defense mechanism against environmental bacteria? (A) Hair in the nose(B) Mucous membranes(C) Osteoblasts(D) Saliva(E) Tears 3) Which cells in the blood do not have a nucleus? (A) Lymphocyte(B) Monocyte(C) Erythrocyte(D) Basophil(E) Neutrophil 4) Which of the following is flexible connective tissue that is attached to bones at the joints? (A) Adipose(B) Cartilage(C) Epithelial(D) Muscle(E) Nerve 5) Which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs? (A) Aorta(B)

Anatomy MCQ module No. 3

1. Which of the following muscular valve controls the flow of digestive juice from the hepatopancreatic duct to the duodenum? (a) Sphincter of Oddi (b) Semilunar valve (c) Ileocaecal valve (d) Pyloric sphincter Sol: (a) Sphincter of Oddi.   2. Which of the following is present on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells? (a) Zymogen granules (b) Pinocytic vesicles (c) Phagocytic vesicles (d) Microvilli Sol: (d) Microvilli.   3. Lungs are enclosed within (a) Perichondrium (b) Periosteum (c) Pleural membrane (d) Pericardium Sol: (c) Pleural membrane.   4. The maximum amount of urea is present in  (a) Dorsal Aorta (b) Hepatic Vein (c)

General Anatomy MCQs – Module 2

1. The periosteal arteries are derived from:a) A major artery passing near the bone.b) Anastomosis around the joints.c) Nutrient artery of the bone.d) Muscular arteries of the muscles attached to the bone.e) Metaphyseal arteries.Key: dTopic Specification: General Anatomy 2. Which of the following belongs to the diarthrosis variety of joints?a) Gomphosis.b) Synchondrosis.c) Symphysis.d) Synovial joints.e) Sutural joints.Key: dTopic Specification: General Anatomy 3. Which of the following function as resistance vessel?a) Elastic arteries.b) Muscular arteries.c) Arterioles.d) Venules.e) Capillaries.Key: cTopic Specification: General Anatomy 4. The acrosome reaction occurs:a) When the spermatozoa are traveling through the uterine cavity.b) Just before the penetration of

General MCQ Module 1.

Que 1. The weight of the human body is mainly made up of?(a) Bones(b) Skin(c) Body parts(d) Water Ans. (d) WaterExplanation: Water contributes to the maximum weight of the human body.   Que 2. How much percent of water is present in the human body?(a) 25%(b)56%(c) 67%(d) 45% Ans. (c) 67%Explanation: 65% of water is present in the human body. Que 3. The element which is found in excess amounts in our body is?(a) Sodium(b) Oxygen(c) Iodine(d) Phosphorus Ans. (b) OxygenExplanation: Oxygen is the most abundant element found in the human body.   Que 4. How many bones are found in the adult human body?(a) 208(b)

PRE-INTERMEDIATE Test 25

Laura __(1)__ in a big city. If she lived in the country, she __(2)__ a dog. Laura __(3)__ a flat with three other girls. But if it __(4)__ possible, she __(5)__ on her own. If she __(6)__ in the country, she __(7)__ a small cottage, and she __(8)__ her own flowers and vegetables. She __(9)__ by underground and __(10)__ shopping in big department stores, but she __(11)__ this at all. If she __(12)__ in the country she __(13)__ her bike, and she __(14)__ things in a small village shop. 1.A) was livingB) livedC) would like to liveD) lives 2. A) hasB)

PRE-INTERMEDIATE Test 24

1. Don’t wait for me. I _____ late. It depends on the traffic.A) will beB) amC) might beD) am going to be 2. “What are you doing tonight?” “I don’t know. I _____ out, or I _____ at home.”A) will go / am stayingB) might go / might stayC) am going / am stayingD) go / stay 3. We have guests coming for Saturday lunch. I _____ cook roast beef and Yorkshire pudding. I have bought all the ingredients.A) mightB) willC) am going to cookD) can 4. A- I’m going to buy George a green shirt.    B- I wouldn’t

PRE-INTERMEDIATE Test 23

1. The telephone _____ by Bell in 1876.A) has inventedB) is inventedC) was inventedD) invented 2. Thieves _____ two pictures from the museum last night.A) have stolenB) stoleC) was stolenD) had stolen 3. They _____ the picture for £3.000.A) has soldB) are soldC) soldD) sell 4. Three new factories _____ this year.A) builtB) were builtC) have been builtD) has built 5. 10.000 cars _____ next year.A) will produceB) producedC) are producedD) will be produced 6. The television _____ by Bell.A) was inventedB) is inventedC) wasn’t inventedD) invented 7. _____ they _____ many cars last year?A) Have / madeB) Did /

PRE-INTERMEDIATE Test 22

Concorde, the world’s fastest passenger plane, __(1)__ by France and Britain together. In the 1950s, both countries dreamed of having a supersonic plane, and the project __(2)__ in 1962. £1.5 billion __(3)__ on developing the Concorde, and it __(4)__ for over 5.000 hours, which makes it the most tested plane in history. The first passenger plane __(5)__ by British Airways and Air France in 1976. The Concorde holds many world records, including the fastest crossing of the Atlantic Ocean from New York to London, which __(6)__ in 2 hours 45 seconds! Flying at twice the speed of sound means that

PRE-INTERMEDIATE Test 21

1. “What _____ to do tonight?” “What about going out for a meal?”A) do you likeB) would you likeC) are likingD) will you like 2. “What _____ to do after university?” “I’d like to get a job in publishing.”A) do you hopeB) will you hopeC) are you going to hopeD) are you hope 3. My family is trying _____ where to go on holiday.A) are you hopeB) decideC) to decideD) deciding 4. I’d like _____ somewhere different for a change.A) wentB) to goC) goD) going 5. I enjoy _____ places I’ve never been to before.A) visitingB) to visitC) visitsD) visit

PRE-INTERMEDIATE Test 20

1. He agreed _____ the job as soon as possible.A) startB) startingC) to startD) starts 2. I stopped _____ my book and went to bed.A) to readB) readC) will readD) reading 3. My teachers always expected me _____ well in exams.A) didB) doingC) doD) to do 4. Let me _____ for the meal. You paid last time.A) payB) to payC) paidD) paying 5. The dentist told me _____ more careful when I brush my teeth.A) will beB) beingC) to beD) be 6. I asked Monica _____ some stamps.A) buysB) buyingC) to buyD) buy 7. I never liked _____ to church

Elementary Grammar Test 30

1. – Do you want another cake?– No, thank you. I’ve still got ________.A) someB) someone’sC) some onesD) ones 2. ________ clever people!A) What aB) WhatC) HowD) So 3. They gave ________ .A) the girls some booksB) to the girls some booksC) to them some booksD) some books the girls 4. I can’t say who ________ the answer.A) is knowingB) knowsC) are knowingD) know 5. ________ I don’t work on Saturday.A) AlwaysB) NeverC) SometimesD) Seldom 6. ________ the homework.A) No every students doB) No every studentsC) Not every students doD) Not every student does 7. – Whose is this?– It’s

Elementary Grammar Test 29

1. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) What is your age?B) How many years you have?C) How old you are?D) What age do you have? 2. John bought ________ cheese.A) enough ofB) too manyC) fewerD) more 3. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) What pencils made of?B) What are pencils made of?C) What pencils are they made of?D) What are made of pencils? 4. ________ like music.A) The both girlsB) Both this girlsC) Both of themD) Both they 5. What ________ on Saturday.A) Ken usually doesB) does Ken usuallyC) usually does Ken doD) does

Elementary Grammar Test 28

Ann: Look! Tom __1__ a dress for my birthday.Pat: It’s lovely __2__ it at Bromley’s?Ann: No, he __3__ one there, but they didn’t show __4__ that he __5__.Pat: That’s odd. They __6__ dresses that are all right for me. My birthday was two months ago.Ann: What __7__ for you?Pat: He __8__ tell him something that he __9__ buy. I said, “I __10__ anything at all. I __11__ a lot of clothes.” “That’s true,” he said. “__12__ out for dinner instead.” 1. A) gave to meB) has given to meC) have given meD) has given me 2. A) Was he buyingB) Did he

Elementary Grammar Test 27

1. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) How old he is?B) How many years has he?C) What age he has?D) What is his age? 2. Sheila put in ________ water.A) anyB) so muchC) fewD) enough of 3. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) What are cars made of?B) What cars are made of?C) What off are made cars?D) What are made of cars? 4. ________ sing beautifully.A) These both girls.B) Both of theyC) Both of themD) These two girls 5. When ________ his homework?A) Tom usually doesB) does Tom usuallyC) does Tom usually doD)

Elementary Grammar Test 26

Tom: Hello, Ann. How are you?Ann: Well, I __1__ the doctor’s yesterday.Tom: What __2__ you?Ann: He said that I have a weak stomach, but I __3__ take any medicine.Tom: How __4__ that you were ill?Ann: I was teaching __5__ a bicycle, and I couldn’t run as fast as I __6__.Tom: Well, what __7__ tomorrow evening?Ann: I __8__ __9__ invite me for dinner?Tom: __10__ __11__ in town this week, and I want __12__ with me. 1. A) was toB) went toC) have been toD) have gone to 2. A) did he tell toB) he has toldC) did he tellD) has he told to

Elementary Grammar Test 25

1. Do you want a drink?A) Yes, I want.B) Yes, I do want.C) No, I don’t.D) No, I don’t want. 2. ________ clever idea!A) What aB) WhatC) SoD) How 3. Mary got ________ .A) for her birthday a pen.B) at her birthday a pen.C) a pen for her birthday.D) a pen at her birthday 4. Ask him ________ .A) how old he is.B) how old is he.C) how old has heD) how old he has 5. ________ we didn’t visit John in hospital.A) AlreadyB) SometimesC) NeverD) Always 6. ________ to get rich.A) Not every young man tryB) Not every young

Elementary Grammar Test 24

1. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) What age has she?B) How many years she has?C) How old is she?D) How old she is? 2. Fred eats ________ bread.A) too manyB) so muchC) fewerD) fewer 3. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) Of what cups are made?B) Of what are cups?C) What cups are made of?D) What are cups made of? 4. ________ are very good.A) Both those boysB) The both boysC) Both of theyD) Both they 5. There isn’t ________ at the station.A) peopleB) some personsC) anyoneD) somebody 6. Cars are ________ lorries.A)

Elementary Grammar Test 23

“Peter __1__ back from the shop,” said Mr James. “He __2__ some new football boots, but he __3__ find any that were right for him.” “__4__ the same?” I asked. “He said they showed __5__ but he __6__ any of them.” “What __7__ do about his boots, then?” I asked. “Well, the shop told __8__ next week. It’s not a big problem because he __9__ to have them before the new school term. But he __10__ to arrange his things early. For example, he __11__ late for school.” “My daughter is different,” I said. “I __12__ throw her out when

Elementary Grammar Test 22

1. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) How is your age?B) How old are you?C) What age have you got?D) How many years you are? 2. Mary had ________ money.A) enoughB) manyC) fewerD) any 3. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) What shoes are they made?B) What shoes are made of?C) What are shoes made of?D) What are made of shoes? 4. ________ are very clever.A) Both themB) Both of themC) The both boysD) Both of boys 5. What ________ on Sundays?A) does John usually doB) do John usually doesC) John usually doesD) does

Elementary Grammar Test 21

1. John: Mr Jackson __1__ the children to the zooyesterday. When they got there they __2__ a bell, andwhen they were inside they saw a man in the lionhouse.Mary: Why __3__?John: He __4__ the lions their food.Mary: How much __5__?John: The children didn’t __6__. Did you know that__7__ two restaurants in the zoo? So people __8__ goout if __9__ eat something.Mary: What time __10__ the restaurants?John: Oh, the children __11__ remember times. They__12__ times aren’t important.A) was takingB) did takeC) tookD) has taken 2. John: Mr Jackson __1__ the children to the zooyesterday. When they got there they __2__ a

Elementary Grammar Test 20

1. I feel fine because I went ________ .A) to the bed early last nightB) to bed early last nightC) to the bed early tonightD) to bed early tonight 2. What is Peter like?He ________.A) is very wellB) is very niceC) like footballD) is liking tennis 3. Has Jimmy got his books now?Yes, my brother ________ yesterday.A) gave them to himB) gave to him themC) has given them to himD) has given to him them 4. Arthur is beside Penny.Yes, Penny is ________ Arthur.A) behindB) beforeC) besideD) between 5. Are the pencils in the box?Yes, Norma ________ on Saturday.A) put

Elementary Grammar Test 19

1. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) Go here to us!B) Go there to they!C) Come there to we!D) Come here to us! 2. How ________ telephone to England?A) doB) canC) I doD) to 3. This is ________ .A) the question thirty.B) the question thirteen.C) the question thirty.D) question thirteen. 4. Jack ________ football on Saturday afternoon.A) looksB) locksC) washesD) watches 5. ________ live in the town.A) SomebodyB) AnybodyC) Some peopleD) Any people 6. Did you go to Ireland last year?A) No, I’ve never been to Ireland.B) No, here I have never gone.C) No, I haven’t gone

Elementary Grammar Test 18

1. Boris usually ________ breakfast at eight o’clock.A) has got theB) hasC) takeD) eats the 2. How is your sister?A) She’s fine.B) She’s good.C) She’s there.D) That’s her. 3. There’s ________ those bottles there.A) much beer onB) much beers inC) a lot of beer inD) a lot of beer on 4. Paula’s singing ________ afternoon.A) at thisB) in thisC) on thisD) this 5. Are you going to the doctor’s?    No, ________.A) to the police stationB) I’m coming thereC) usually by busD) he’s going to me 6. There are the two boys.A) What boy is the clever?B) What boy is

Elementary Grammar Test 17

1. Are my pencils on your desk? No, there ________ on my desk.A) aren’t somethingB) isn’t somethingC) aren’t anythingD) isn’t anything 2. Have you got some red shoes? No, but I’ve got ________.A) some yellow pair.B) some yellows.C) some yellow.D) some yellow ones. 3. Whose is that car? It’s ________.A) theirsB) there’sC) theirD) there 4. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.A) What age has she?B) How many years has she?C) How old is she?D) How old she is? 5. There wasn’t ________ in the garden.A) some peopleB) anybodyC) any peopleD) no persons 6. 333 is ________ .A)

Elementary Grammar Test 16

1. Jack gave ________.A) to her the flowers.B) the flowers to hers.C) her the flowers.D) hers the flowers. 2. The sun ________ early in summer.A) always risesB) rises alwaysC) is always risingD) is rising always 3. What ________ at the weekend?A) Jane does doB) does Jane doC) do JaneD) Jane does 4. Who ________A) do Mary likes?B) Mary likes?C) do Mary like?D) does Mary like? 5. Bill and Carrie ________ the street.A) they are atB) they are inC) are inD) are at 6. What color’s your bicycle?A) It’s the red.B) It’s red.C) It’s a red color.D) It’s color’s red. 7.

Main topics in Chemistry fo Mechnikov University Entrance Exam

PROGRAMMES FOR ADMISSION TESTS HELD AT UNIVERSITY   Programme for Chemistry The admission test is conducted in the form of a written test and is evaluated on a 100-point scale. The present programme is based on the programme of admission exams in Chemistry recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation for applicants to universities and consists of three sections. The first section is devoted to the theoretical foundations of Chemistry. It includes the basic concepts and laws of Chemistry, which are the fundamental foundations necessary for understanding the laws of chemical processes. The second section is devoted

Main topics in Biology for Mechnikov University Entrance Exam

PROGRAMMES FOR ADMISSION TESTS HELD AT UNIVERSITY Programme for Biology The programme is compiled on the basis of the mandatory minimum content of secondary (complete) general education and combines all the main substantive components of biological knowledge. The content of the programme includes the materials from all the sections of school biology: «Plants. Bacteria. Fungi. Lichens», «Animals», «Human being and Health» and «General biology». Examination assignments and tests in Biology do not go beyond the scope of this programme, but require a deep study of all its elements. Successful answers to tasks require adequate and informed knowledge of biological concepts,

Past Tenses Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. When Patricia _____ into her car, she remembered she _____ the water boiler on.A) was getting / has leftB) got / had leftC) had got / leavesD) got / was leaving 2. We _____ our meal on the train as it _____ across the beautiful countryside.A) have enjoyed / is goingB) enjoyed / had goneC) had been enjoying / has goneD) were enjoying / was going 3. They _____ for only a few minutes when they _____ a flat tyre.A) had been travelling / hadB) have travelled / were havingC) travelled / have hadD) were travelling / had 4.

Future Tenses Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. Farmers hope the weather _____ at the weekend because it _____ bad for weeks now.A) will improve / has beenB) will have improved / will beC) improves / isD) is going to improve / was 2. The oil crisis _____ worse, and therefore, fuel prices _____ even more soon.A) gets / will have been risingB) will get / are risingC) is getting / are going to riseD) will have been getting / rise 3. Stop making fun of me or else I _____ mum about it.A) tellB) will have toldC) have been telkingD) will tell 4. _____ I pick

The Infinitive – The Gerund -Participles Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. Somehow, he managed _____ the locked door without _____ it.A) to open / damagedB) opening / damagingC) to open / damagingD) opening / to damage 2. _____ alcohol with medication causes serious health issues _____.A) Taking / to occurB) To take / occurringC) Taking / occurringD) To take / to occurring 3. The text was too long for me _____ on my own so I asked Steve _____ me with it.A) to translate / helpedB) translating / to helpingC) to translate / to helpD) translating / help 4. I’d rather _____ a new television because it’s not worth _____

Modal Verbs Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. You _____ join the meeting on Friday, but you _____ if you like.A) shouldn’t / were able toB) mustn’t / needn’tC) can’t / shouldn’tD) needn’t / can 2. _____ you read this text for me so that I _____ type it quickly?A) May / canB) Could / canC) Will / shouldD) Can / must 3. I’m sure you _____ why I wasn’t in the office yesterday. Well, I _____ a day off.A) must be wondering / had to takeB) don’t have to wonder / could takeC) needn’t wonder / must takeD) ought to wonder / my have take 4.

The Passive Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. In parts of Anatolia, many different fruits _____ by many people in the sun for consumption duringwinter.A) have still driedB) are still driedC) still driedD) are still drying 2. The booklet _____ with such small letters that I _____ it well.A) is printed / couldn’t be readB) had been printing / can’t be readC) has printed / can’t readD) was printed / couldn’t read 3. It is quite expensive, but this detergent _____ better than the cheaper ones ever since it _____ to the market.A) has been sold / introducedB) sells / has introducedC) was sold / bed been

Clauses Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. You need to do some more exercise _____ you become perfect in shape.A) due toB) untilC) byD) no sooner 2. The couple sitting before us kept talking _____ the movie.A) agoB) whileC) whenD) during 3. It was so unlucky that she had an accident _____ she got her driving licence.A) no soonerB) as soon asC) duringD) while 4. _____ the ambulance arrived at the hospital, the injured man had already died.A) By the timeB) WhilleC) AfterD) In case 5. He was lucky because he had _____ arrived at the bus stop _____ the bus came.A) no sooner / whenB)

Conditionals – Wishes – Would Rather / Had Better Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. If I _______ very busy tomorrow, I _______ to your birthday party. I’m so sorry.A) won’t be / could have comeB) weren’t / would comeC) am not / will comeD) wasn’t / would have come 2. I wish she _______ me know about her visit a few days earlier, so I _______ some arrangements at work.A) has let / may be makingB) would let / might be madeC) lets / will be makingD) had let / could have made 3. If it _______ trouble you are looking for you _______ it very soon. Believe me!A) is / will getB)

Relatives Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. The car alarm _____ went off ten minutes ago is still on.A) whoseB) whoC) whichD) when 2. The Moon, _____ diameter is only a fourth of the Earth, is the only natural satellite of the Earth.A) –B) whereC) thatD) whose 3. The burglar _____ no one saw entering the apartment stole jewellery worth a hundred thousand dollars.A) whomB) whichC) whyD) where 4. He panicked when he couldn’t find the key in his pocket _____ he always kept it.A) thatB) whoC) whereD) which 5. We hired a new engineer _____ worked for a big electronics company for years.A) whoseB) whereC)

Reported Speech Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. Kirsten said that _____ would lend _____ her car if I needed it.A) he / meB) I / herC) she / meD) they / it 2. Scientists still have no answer to _____ there is life on other planets.A) thatB) whichC) whereD) whether 3. It _____ obvious that we _____ a big problem with our old car one day.A) was / will haveB) is / were havingC) is / haveD) was / would have 4. She _____ to us _____ there was nothing to worry about, but actually there was so much.A) told / thatB) said / –C) asked

Have Something Done Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. We are planning to have our flat _____ this year.A) to paintB) paintedC) paintD) painting 2. She needs to _____ a molar tooth filled this afternoon.A) doB) letC) getD) make 3. We last _____ the carpets _____ a year ago; they now look dirty again.A) got / cleanB) get / cleanedC) have / cleanD) had / cleaned 4. Lucy _____ her hair _____ when I saw her at the hairdresser’s.A) had / doB) was having / doneC) has been having / doneD) got / doing 5. Tom _____ all his shirts and trousers _____ because he was going abroad

Nouns – Articles Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. I wasn’t _____ only patient in the waiting room, so I looked through _____ magazines on the table to passthe time.A) an / –B) the / theC) – / –D) a / some 2. _____ Kizilirmak is the longest river and _____ Mount Agri is the highest mountain in Turkey.A) – / –B) The / theC) The / –D) – / the 3. There wasn’t any information on _____ departure time of _____ flight.A) the / theB) a / –C) the / anD) a / the 4. As it has _____ hostile environment, no human being can survive in

Adjectives – Adverbs – Comparisons Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. My arm still hurts, but it’s not _____ bad _____ it was before.A) so / thatB) as / asC) enough / asD) too / to 2. My friends don’t agree with me, but I find maths _____ the other school subjects.A) less difficult thanB) difficult enoughC) so difficult thatD) more difficult 3. She finds even _____ rides in the amusement park so thrilling.A) less horrible thanB) horrible enoughC) the most horribleD) as horrible as 4. If you do it a little _____, I’m sure you can solve this question.A) carefulB) most carefullyC) the last carefulD) more carefully 5. This

Pronouns – Possessives – Demonstratives – Quantifiers Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. Can you open the door, Mikel? _____ must be Mrs Morgan. _____ was going to come this afternoon.A) Someone / ItB) It / SheC) They / ItD) No one / She 2. Ed has finished the project, but _____ sister is still working on _____.A) his / hersB) her / theirC) their / his ownD) hers / her 3. _____ have found a nice flat in the city centre and _____ rent isn’t very high.A) I / hisB) They / theirsC) You / it’sD) We / its 4. _____ student at our college has a room of _____.A) Each

B1 Grammar Exercises

1. Turkey has a border with Georgia, _____?A) isn’t itB) haven’t theyC) hasn’t itD) doesn’t it 2. They never know where you are, _____?A) do theyB) don’t youC) will theyD) aren’t you 3. They hadn’t told us _____.A) where was the examB) what time the exam wasC) when was the exam going to startD) how long would the exam last 4. A: Are they going to give the party outdoors?     B: I _____ think _____.A) do / notB) don’t / soC) not / soD) don’t / not 5. Let’s fix a date for the next match, _____?A) isn’t itB)

Prepositions – Linking Words Test B1 Grammar Exercises

1. Peter had left his guitar _____ the bed before he got _____ his room.A) at / intoB) on / out ofC) in / towardsD) by / on 2. It takes about ten minutes to drive _____ this tunnel.A) throughB) acrossC) overD) among 3. Our next chemistry class is _____ 11 o ‘clock _____ Tuesday.A) in / fromB) on / byC) at / onD) around / in 4. As the truck was going slowly _____ the slope, I was driving right _____ it.A) off / in front ofB) down / betweenC) along / overD) up / behind 5. Because he