Sex hormone symptoms and cancer

Sex hormones, heart problems and diabetes in women

Some cancer treatments lower the amount of sex hormones in the body. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone.  Low levels of these hormones may increase your risk of heart problems and diabetes. Hormone therapy and the risk of heart problems There is some evidence to suggest that aromatase inhibitors may increase the risk of heart problems. Aromatase inhibitors are a type of hormone therapy used to treat breast cancer. The group of aromatase inhibitors includes: anastrozole (Arimidex) exemestane (Aromasin) letrozole (Femara)   Research into hormone therapies and heart problems Evidence shows that before the natural menopause, oestrogen

Sleep problems and sex hormone symptoms in women

Some cancer treatments can lower the levels of sex hormones in the body. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone.  Low levels of sex hormones can cause hot flushes or anxiety, making sleep difficult. Coping with other symptoms can feel worse if you are not sleeping well. On average most adults need around 7 to 9 hours of sleep a day. But some people may need more while others manage with less. Sleeplessness (insomnia) Insomnia is when you have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep at night. An occasional night without sleep will make you tired the following day.

Sex hormones and weight changes in women

Some cancer treatments lower the amount of sex hormones in the body. Low levels of sex hormones can sometimes make you put on weight. What are the sex hormones?  Hormones are natural substances made by the glands of our hormone (endocrine) system. They are carried around our body in our bloodstream. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone. The main male sex hormone is testosterone. Sex hormones and weight changes After the menopause the way that fat is distributed around the body changes. Extra weight tends to build up around the waist, rather than on the hips and

Urinary problems in women

Some cancer treatments lower sex hormone levels in the body. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone. Low levels of these sex hormones can sometimes cause urinary problems in women, including infections and incontinence. The importance of oestrogen An important function of oestrogen is to help to keep the wall of the urethra elastic and the pelvic floor muscles healthy. The urethra is the tube that takes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The pelvic floor muscles surround the lower part of the bladder and urethra. When the amount of oestrogen in the body

Mood changes and sex hormones in women

Some cancer treatments lower the levels of sex hormones in the body. Low levels of sex hormones can sometimes cause mood changes. Hormones and mood changes Hormones are natural substances made by the glands of our hormone (endocrine) system. They are carried around our body in our bloodstream. The main male sex hormone is testosterone. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone. There is evidence that a fall in oestrogen levels can cause mood changes. This could be due to the cancer treatment, the menopause , or both.  The causes of mood changes can be difficult to assess

Bone loss and osteoporosis in women

Hormone therapy treatments can lower the levels of sex hormones in the body. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone. Lower levels of these hormones can increase bone loss. Bone loss (osteoporosis) and ageing Our bones start to thin around our late thirties. This is part of the natural ageing process. The bones go through a stage called osteopenia. This is when they start to become thinner. Osteoporosis is when the bones become more brittle and thinner. Having thinner bones makes them more at risk of breaking (fracture). After the menopause the levels of the sex hormone oestrogen

Thinking and memory changes in women

Some cancer treatments lower the amount of sex hormones in the body. Low levels of sex hormones can cause problems with concentration, thinking, and memory. What are the sex hormones? Hormones are natural substances made by the glands of our hormone system. They are carried around our body in our bloodstream. They act as messengers to carry signals between one part of the body and another. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone.  Hormone therapy to treat breast cancer can work in one of two ways: lowering the levels of oestrogen blocking the effect of oestrogen on cancer cells 

Sex and sex hormone symptoms in women

Some cancer treatments lower the amount of sex hormones in the body or stop the body producing them altogether. The hormones most commonly affected in women are oestrogen and progesterone. Lower levels of these might affect your sex life. Symptoms can include: a loss of sex drive (also called a low libido) vaginal dryness Loss of interest in sex (libido) In women, the hormones progesterone and oestrogen play a part in sex drive. But not everyone who has low hormone levels has a loss of interest in sex. For most people, the cause is a combination of factors including: your

Hot flushes and sweats in women

Cancer or cancer treatment can lower the levels of sex hormones in the body. This can lead to hot flushes and sweats. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone. Hot flushes are one of the most common symptoms women have when they go through the menopause. But hot flushes can also happen because of treatment for cancer. Women having a natural menopause may find their hot flushes start before the menopause. They usually become less frequent and less severe during the 5 years after their last period. But for many, the hot flushes can go on longer.  

Bone problems and osteoporosis in prostate cancer

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can lower the levels of sex hormones (testosterone) in the blood. This can cause different side effects including problems with your bones. How does hormone therapy for prostate cancer affect the bones? Hormone therapy lowers the levels of testosterone. This can cause thinning and weakening of the bones. How can I reduce the risk of bone problems? Make sure your diet has enough calcium and vitamin D. This helps to keep your bones healthy.  Can I take medicines to help with bone loss? Your doctor may suggest you take medicines called bisphosphonates to help with bone

Sex hormones, heart disease and diabetes 

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer reduces the level of testosterone in the body. Low levels of testosterone can increase your risk of heart problems and diabetes. Does hormone therapy for prostate cancer affect the heart? Yes, research suggests that hormone therapy increases the risk of heart problems. Why does hormone therapy cause heart problems? Researchers think it’s because it increases the amount of fat in the body. Can hormone therapy cause diabetes? Yes, hormone therapy can increase the risk of diabetes. Some cancer treatments can lower the levels of sex hormones in the body. The sex hormones are oestrogen and

Thinking and memory 

Hormone therapy can cause different side effects. This includes problems with concentration, thinking and memory. Can hormone therapy for prostate cancer affect your memory? Yes, some people notice changes to how they think and remember after hormone therapy for prostate cancer. How long will I have memory changes? The changes are usually subtle and get better after treatment for most people. What helps with memory changes? It can help to keep a diary and write down everything you need to do each day. Some cancer treatments can lower the levels of sex hormones in the body. The sex hormones are

Weight and muscle changes

Hormone therapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer. It can cause different side effects including weight and muscle changes. Does hormone therapy for prostate cancer cause weight changes? Yes, hormone therapy can cause you to put on weight. How can I avoid weight gain during hormone therapy for prostate cancer? Changing your diet and being more physically active may help you to maintain your normal weight. Can hormone therapy affect my muscles? Yes, it can cause loss of muscle mass and strength. Some cancer treatments can lower the levels of sex hormones in the body. The sex hormones are

Breast swelling (gynaecomastia)

Some hormone therapies for prostate cancer can cause swelling and tenderness in the breasts. This is gynaecomastia (pronounced guy-nee-co-mass-tee-ah). What is gynaecomastia? Gynaecomastia is swelling or enlargement of the breast in men. What causes breast swelling in men with prostate cancer? Hormone therapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer. This can change the balance of hormones in your body and cause breast tissue to grow. What is the treatment for gynaecomastia? You might have radiotherapy, a drug called tamoxifen or surgery to remove the breast tissue. Talk to your doctor about what is best for you. Why does hormone

Bowel problems and sex after radiotherapy for prostate cancer 

Radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells. It is a common treatment for prostate cancer. Radiotherapy to the prostate gland can affect your sex life in several ways. For example, daily treatments for several weeks can make you very tired. You might not feel like having sex. Other side effects can affect you when having anal sex. Side effects include: loose poo or diarrhoea irritation and pain around the back passage and anus leaking poo How diarrhoea affects your sex life You might get diarrhoea during radiotherapy and for some time afterwards. This can be unpleasant and tiring. It may put you

Less interest in sex (libido)

Prostate cancer and its treatments can cause a loss of interest in sex. This is also called a low libido or sex drive. Your sex drive might be lower because of a number of reasons. These include: tiredness anxiety about having prostate cancer  loss of confidence and self esteem  It may also be a side effect of hormone therapy.  How hormone therapy causes a loss of libido Hormone therapy blocks or lowers the amount of testosterone in the body. This can cause less interest in sex.  Different hormone therapy drugs can cause different side effects. So your doctor might suggest changing

Infertility after prostate cancer treatment 

You might not be able to have children after prostate cancer treatment. This can be difficult to cope with. Understanding why your fertility can be affected and what can help may help you to cope with these changes. How prostate cancer surgery affects your fertility A common treatment for prostate cancer is surgery to remove the prostate gland. This is a radical prostatectomy.  After a radical prostatectomy, you will not be able to have children by sexual intercourse. If you want to have children, your doctor might suggest collecting sperm before surgery. The sperm is frozen and stored until you

Sex and erection problems after treatment for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer treatments can affect your sex life. Some treatments can damage the nerves that you need to get an erection. Other treatments can affect the levels of hormones needed to get and maintain an erection.   Even if you can’t get a full erection, you can still have a sex life. There are several treatments that may help you but not everyone chooses to have treatment. Treatments might include: drug treatments such as tablets and creams vacuum pumps implants Sex therapy and counselling can also help. Speak to your doctor or specialist nurse if this is something you think might help.  

Surgery to remove your testicles (orchidectomy)

You might have an operation to remove your testicles (orchidectomy). The testicles produce testosterone, which can help prostate cancer grow. So removing the testicles can help to control the growth of prostate cancer. After the removal of the testicles, the level of testosterone in the blood falls quickly.   Having an orchidectomy doesn’t cure prostate cancer. But it can control the cancer and reduce your symptoms. Removing your testicles is a type of hormone therapy for prostate cancer. It is not a common treatment. You’re more likely to have injections or tablets to reduce the level of testosterone in your blood. Some

What is hormone therapy for prostate cancer?

Hormone therapy is a possible treatment for prostate cancer. Sometimes it is also called anti hormone therapy. What is hormone therapy? Hormones occur naturally in your body. They control the growth and activity of normal cells. Testosterone is a male hormone mainly made by the testicles. Prostate cancer usually depends on testosterone to grow. Hormone therapy blocks or lowers the amount of testosterone in the body. Hormone therapy on its own doesn’t cure prostate cancer. But it can lower the risk of an early prostate cancer coming back when you have it with other treatments. Hormone therapy is also a possible

Problems with sleeping

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can change the levels of sex hormones in your body. This can cause different side effects including difficulty sleeping (insomnia).  What is insomnia? Insomnia is when you have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep at night. Does hormone therapy for prostate cancer cause insomnia? Hormone therapy can cause side effects such as hot flushes and anxiety. This can make it difficult to sleep. What are the best treatments for insomnia?   Relaxation techniques such as meditation can help. Your doctor might also suggest medicines if you’re finding it very difficult to sleep. Difficulty sleeping and

Hot flushes in men 

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can change the levels of sex hormones in your body. This can cause hot flushes.  This page is about hot flushes in men with prostate cancer. But some of the tips on how to cope with hot flushes are also applicable to men who have hot flushes for other reasons.  What causes hot flushes in men? Some prostate cancer treatments lower the amount of sex hormones in the body. These lower levels of hormones can cause hot flushes. What do they feel like? They usually start as a feeling of warmth in your neck and

Male sex hormones and cancer

Hormones are natural substances made by the glands and organs of your body. Treatment for prostate cancer can lower the amount of sex hormones in your body. This can affect you in different ways.   What is the male sex hormone? Testosterone is the main sex hormone in men. Where is testosterone made? Most testosterone is made by the testicles. Small amounts are also made in a gland above the kidney. What are the symptoms of low testosterone? Symptoms of low testosterone include hot flushes and changes in memory or mood. Cancer treatments and hormones Hormones act as messengers and carry signals from

Treatments that cause sex hormone symptoms

Some treatments for cancer can affect the levels of sex hormones. This can cause a range of different symptoms. There are things you can do, and there are other treatments to help you cope with these symptoms. What are sex hormones? Hormones are natural substances made by the glands of our hormone system. They are carried around our body in our bloodstream. The main female sex hormones are oestrogen and progesterone. The main male sex hormone is testosterone. Treatments that can affect the levels of sex hormones include: surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy hormone treatment The effect of targeted and immunotherapy cancer

Sex hormones and cancer

Hormones are natural substances made by the glands of our hormone system. They are carried around our body in our bloodstream. They act as messengers to carry signals between one part of the body and another. There are many different types of hormones. Each one controls the growth and activity of particular cells and organs. What are the sex hormones? The main sex hormones in women are oestrogen and progesterone. The ovaries produce most of these sex hormones. In men, the main sex hormone is testosterone. Most of this is produced by the testes. Small amounts of these sex hormones