Neurodiversity and neurodivergence

#Genetic disorders #Neurodiversity and neurodivergence #T

Tourette syndrome

By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Tourette syndrome is a genetic inherited neurological disorder, which means it can be passed on from birth parents to their children. Signs of Tourette syndrome usually begins between 2 and 21 years of age. It causes people to make involuntary and uncontrollable vocal sounds and movements called tics. People with movement tics can find themselves jerking their head, stretching their neck, stamping their feet, and twisting and bending. People with vocal tics might clear their throat, cough, sniff, click their tongue, grunt, yelp, bark or shout. There is no cure for Tourette syndrome, but treatment with medicines can

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Dyspraxia

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Dyspraxia is a neurological (brain) condition. It’s also called developmental coordination disorder (DCD). People with dyspraxia have problems learning and doing motor skills. Dyspraxia is often identified in early childhood and is a life-long condition. What is dyspraxia? Dyspraxia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of movement and coordination in which messages sent from the brain to the muscles are interrupted. It is often identified in early childhood, but can also come on later in life after an illness or acquired brain injury. It causes problems with tasks such as handwriting or tying shoelaces, or with motor skills like catching

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Dyslexia

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts About 1 in 10 people have dyslexia. The brains of people with dyslexia work differently to people without dyslexia. Dyslexia symptoms can vary from quite mild to quite bad. People with dyslexia can be taught to read using a specific teaching strategy called systematic synthetic phonics. Coloured glasses and eye exercises don’t help people with dyslexia. What is dyslexia? Dyslexia (specific learning disorder in reading) is a common learning disability. Dyslexia makes it challenging for people to recognise words. About 1 in 10 people have dyslexia. People with dyslexia often also have problems with spelling, writing and understanding what

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Bipolar disorder

By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Bipolar disorder causes extreme mood changes that may disrupt daily life. Symptoms of manic episodes include showing very high energy in speech and activity, agitation, and a reduced need for sleep. Symptoms of depressive episodes include low energy and motivation, lack of interest in daily activities and sometimes suicidal thoughts. Bipolar disorder is a chronic disease, and while there is no cure, there are medicines and other therapies that can help people function well and lead fulfilling lives. People with bipolar disorder benefit from the support of a close friend or family member. What is bipolar disorder? Bipolar

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

By Sama Mohamed

What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental disorder. It affects how people behave and interact with the world around them. In people with ASD, the brain does not grow in the same way it does in most people. ASD presents differently in boys and girls. ASD is not a mental health problem or an intellectual disability. But some people with ASD will also have those problems. Children and adults with ASD may be highly intelligent, of normal intelligence, or have an intellectual disability. Along with some challenges, an autistic person will also have

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

What is OCD? Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a treatable anxiety disorder that affects more than 500,000 people in Australia. It usually develops in late childhood or early teenage years and without proper treatment can become a chronic condition. As the name suggests, there are 2 kinds of symptoms: obsessions — an unwanted thought, image or urge that repeatedly comes into the mind compulsions — repetitive behaviours or rituals, that are difficult or impossible to resist doing, which are carried out to reduce anxiety The compulsions can take considerable time, impacting on normal day-to-day activities. For example, a person with OCD may need to check

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that begins in early childhood. ADHD affects your brain’s executive functioning — and your ability to self-regulate and control thoughts, words, actions and emotions. If you are concerned that you may have ADHD, the first step is to see a doctor. What is ADHD? Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that begins in early childhood. ADHD used to be called attention deficit disorder (ADD). ADHD is often misunderstood. It can cause problems: concentrating becoming distracted being hyperactive (sometimes) being impulsive This may cause people with ADHD

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