Joint diseases and problems

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Psoriatic arthritis

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Psoriatic arthritis is a condition that affects your joints. It tends to affect people with a skin disease called psoriasis. Symptoms can often be mild. Treatments can relieve your symptoms and help prevent long-term joint damage. There is no cure for psoriatic arthritis. What is psoriatic arthritis? Like other types of arthritis, psoriatic arthritis causes pain and stiffness in the joints. It is called ‘psoriatic arthritis’ because it tends to affect people with psoriasis. Psoriasis is a condition that causes red, scaly patches on your skin. About 1 in 10 people who have psoriasis get psoriatic arthritis. If you

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Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

What is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)? The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint that connects the jaw to the skull. There is a TMJ on each side of the face, in front of each ear. These joints allow the movements needed for speaking, eating and facial expression. TMJ dysfunction can cause pain, abnormal jaw movements and joint noises. They are quite common. What are the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction? If you have TMJ dysfunction, you may have: discomfort or pain in the jaw, especially when eating an aching pain in front of your ear, which may spread to your face

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#Joint diseases and problems #Rheumatology

Amyloidosis

By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Overview Amyloidosis refers to the extracellular deposition of fibrils that contain a variety of proteins. An amyloid fibril is simply the assembly of insoluble protein fibres that are composed in a way that is resistant to degradation. This composition is known as a beta-pleated sheet. These deposits of amyloid fibrils are extracellular (i.e. occurring outside of cells) and may be seen in different tissues and organs. Hepatic amyloid. Seen as amorphous, acellular pink material on H&E stain The problem with amyloid is that deposition in tissue can lead to organ dysfunction. When organ dysfunction is caused by amyloid we usually

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Perthes disease

By Sama Mohamed

What is Perthes disease? Perthes disease is a painful condition of the hip that affects children. It is a problem with the blood supply to the top of the thighbone, or femur. The top of the femur is a ball, sometimes called the femoral head. The femoral head fits into a socket in the pelvis to form the hip joint. It is called a ball and socket joint. In Perthes disease, the femoral head becomes soft and goes out of shape. This causes pain and a limp. It takes time, but most children recover fully. What are the symptoms of

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Osteoarthritis

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Osteoarthritis is a very common long-term condition that causes joint pain, stiffness and reduced movement. It can affect any joint in your body, but mostly occurs in the knees, hips, fingers, big toes, ankles and spine. Osteoarthritis can make it hard for you to do daily activities. Excess weight, a previous injury and repeated joint movements increase your risk of osteoarthritis. Regular exercise, healthy eating, pain management and sometimes surgery can help to treat symptoms. What is osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis is a long-term condition where the joints in your body become inflamed and damaged. Over time, the cartilage layer

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Knee pain

By Sama Mohamed

What causes knee pain? Knee pain is a common problem that can occur suddenly or over a period of time. Knee pain may be due to a number of causes, and generally treatment is readily available. Injury-related causes include: damage to parts of the knee, including bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons or muscles bursitis, which is inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs that cushion the knee (known as bursae) Arthritis-related causes include: osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis gout septic arthritis (infected knee) Other causes include: patellofemoral pain syndrome: pain around the kneecap (patella) where it runs over the end of the thigh bone (femur),

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#Accidents and injuries #Joint diseases and problems #K

Knee injuries

By Sama Mohamed

Knees provide stable support for the body and allow the legs to bend and straighten. The knee is the largest joint in the body and is easily injured. The knee has 4 main types of tissues: bones, ligaments, cartilage and tendons. Any of these important types of tissue can be damaged through injury. Common knee injuries include: sprain (an over-stretching of ligaments in the knee) torn ligament, such as a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) strains (over-stretching of muscles and tendons) damage to the cartilage that lines the knee torn meniscus (the cartilage between the shinbone and thighbone) irritation to

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Joint pain and swelling

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Swollen joints happen when there is fluid in the tissues around the joints. Joint pain and swelling can affect more than one joint at a time. Joint pain and swelling are often accompanied by stiffness, aches and a feeling of heat or warmth. Acute joint pain usually comes on quickly and does not last long. Chronic joint pain and swelling may be caused by a ‘rheumatic’ condition — a condition that affects your joints, bones and muscles. What is joint pain and swelling? Swollen joints happen when there is fluid in the tissues around the joints. It can

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Hip pain

By Sama Mohamed

What is hip pain? Pain in the hip is very common. Hip pain affects children and adults and can have a variety of different causes. You should see a doctor or physiotherapist if your hip pain persists. Sometimes you can feel pain from other areas of your body in your hip – this is called ‘referred pain’. Pain in the hip can affect you when you: walk up or down stairs sit or stand for some time exercise or play sport What causes hip pain? Usually if the problem is with the hip itself you will feel pain inside your hip or your groin.

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Hip dysplasia

By Sama Mohamed

What is hip dysplasia? Hip dysplasia can occur when a baby’s hip joint does not develop properly. It is usually detected in babies. However, adolescents and adults may also experience symptoms later in life due to undetected hip dysplasia. The hip joint is a ball and socket. The top of the thighbone (femur) is the ball. This fits into the socket, which is a curved part of the pelvis (the acetabulum). In hip dysplasia, the acetabulum is too shallow. This causes the hip to become dislocated or unstable. The is called ‘developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)’. Hip dysplasia diagnosed

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Rheumatoid arthritis

By Dr. Ahmed Hafez

Key facts Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic (long-term) disease that can cause pain and swelling in your joints. People who have rheumatoid arthritis often experience times when their joints are particularly painful. It is important not to delay speaking to your doctor if you think you may have rheumatoid arthritis. Starting treatment as soon as possible helps avoid serious symptoms. You can slow down further damage to your joints and manage pain with medicines, exercise and lifestyle changes. What is rheumatoid arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic (long-term) disease that can cause pain and swelling in your joints. Rheumatoid arthritis

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Gout

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Gout is a type of arthritis that leads to painful inflammation in a joint, caused by a build-up of urate crystals. The big toe is most commonly affected, but gout can affect any joint. To diagnose gout, a sample of fluid from the affected joint can be checked for urate crystals. Your doctor can prescribe medicines to relieve your symptoms and shorten their duration. If you have recurrent attacks of gout, your doctor can advise you on ways to reduce the risk of future attacks. What is gout? Gout is a type of arthritis that leads to painful inflammation in a

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#Connective tissue diseases #E #Genetic disorders #Joint diseases and problems

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

By Sama Mohamed

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome? Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a genetic condition that mainly affects the joints, skin and walls of the blood vessels. People with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or EDS, have very loose, hypermobile joints. Their skin is stretchy and fragile. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can’t be treated, but the symptoms can usually be managed. What are the symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome? There are many different types of EDS. All of them involve extremely flexible joints and fragile skin that bruises and stretches easily. Some find their joints are so flexible that they have frequent dislocations, and this often leads to pain in the joints.

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Bursitis

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Bursitis is a condition caused by the inflammation of the bursae. Common causes are joint injury and overuse Symptoms of bursitis include pain, swelling, tenderness and limited joint movement. Bursitis can affect various joints like the shoulder, hip, knee and elbow. Treatment includes rest, ice, medicines and gentle physical therapy. What is bursitis? Bursitis is an inflammation or irritation of the small, fluid filled ‘cushions’ that protect a tendon where it touches a bone. These cushions are called bursae (or bursa if there’s just one). When you move your joints, the tendons (which link muscles to bones) slide over

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Baker’s cysts

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts A Baker’s cyst can also be called a popliteal cyst. It is a fluid filled lump or swelling behind the knee. It is caused by a build-up of excess fluid. Symptoms include pain, swelling, knee stiffness or tightness. Treatment includes rest, physiotherapy, cortisone injections or draining of the fluid. What is a Baker’s cyst? A Baker’s cyst, or popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled lump or swelling behind the knee. It is usually caused by excess fluid that comes from the knee joint. People with a Baker’s cyst might also have arthritis or an injury such as a torn

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Arthritis in children (juvenile idiopathic arthritis)

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, or juvenile arthritis) is chronic (ongoing) inflammatory arthritis that affects children. There are several different types of JIA, which have different symptoms and signs. Common symptoms include joint pain, swelling and stiffness in the morning. Treatments are available and depend on the type of arthritis. About half of all children with JIA no longer have symptoms by the time they are adults. What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is inflammatory arthritis that affects children under 16 years old. JIA can be mild or severe and may last for months or years.

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Arthritis

By Sama Mohamed

What is arthritis? Arthritis is not one disease alone, but an umbrella term for more than 100 conditions that affect the joints of the body. Joints are points where 2 or more bones meet, such as in the wrist, knuckles, hips, knees and ankles. If you have arthritis, the joints are inflamed, causing discomfort and pain. It can range from mild to severe and can affect people of all ages. It affects nearly 4 million Australians, including at least 6,000 children. The 3 most common types of arthritis found in Australians are: osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis gout Other types of arthritis include:

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#A #Genetic disorders #Joint diseases and problems

Ankylosing spondylitis

By Sama Mohamed

Key facts Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a kind of arthritis that mainly affects your spine. It often begins before the age of 40 years. Ankylosing spondylitis affects males more often than females. It’s not known what causes ankylosing spondylitis. There’s no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, but medicines can help manage your symptoms. What is ankylosing spondylitis? Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a kind of arthritis that mainly affects the joints and ligaments of your spine (back bone). ‘Ankylosing’ means stiff and ‘spondylo’ means vertebra. It can also affect other large joints, like your hips and shoulders. Ankylosing spondylitis can also cause

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