Day: December 2, 2023

Digestive system

Key facts The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients for energy and growth. It is a long tube starting from your mouth, going all the way to your anus. Common digestive health conditions are gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), diverticulitis, stomach ulcers, and haemorrhoids. What is the digestive system? The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract (the gut) and other organs like the liver, pancreas and gall bladder. It is where your body breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. The digestive system is a long, twisting tube that starts at the mouth and goes through the oesophagus, stomach,

Central nervous system (CNS)

What is the central nervous system? The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It is one of 2 parts of the nervous system. The other part is the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The central nervous system is the body’s processing centre. The brain controls most of the functions of the body, including awareness, movement, thinking, speech, and the 5 senses of seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling. The spinal cord is an extension of the brain. It carries

Bones, muscles and joints

What are bones, muscles and joints? Bones, muscles and joints make up the musculoskeletal system, along with cartilage, tendons, ligaments and connective tissue. This system gives your body its structure and support and lets you move around. The parts of the musculoskeletal system grow and change throughout life. Injuries and various illnesses can damage bones, muscles and joints. Parts of the musculoskeletal system Skeleton — this is the framework of the body. The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. There are 5 main shapes of bones: long (such as the upper arm), short (such as the hand),

Blood and blood vessels

Blood, the heart and the vessels through which blood is pumped around the body, together make up the cardiovascular system. They are vital for carrying nutrients, oxygen and waste around the body. Blood is made up of cells and plasma. An average adult has about 5 litres of blood in their body. As well as carrying cells, nutrients, oxygen and waste, blood also helps to regulate body temperature. Blood cells Most blood cells are made in the bone marrow. There are 3 main types of blood cells: red blood cells white blood cells platelets. Red blood cells Red blood cells

Grief before death

Grief before death – understanding anticipatory grief What is grief? Grief is a natural emotional response to loss. Grieving is a process that can help you come to terms with a loss, such as when a loved one dies. Everyone experiences grief differently. Your experience of grief and how you cope with it will depend on different factors, including your age, your previous experiences with grief and your spiritual or religious views on life and death. How you respond to your feelings of grief might also reflect the type of relationship you share with your loved one, as well as how you

Grief

What are grief and loss? Grief is the natural emotional response to the loss of someone close, such as a family member or friend. Grief can also occur after a serious illness, a divorce or other significant losses. Grief often involves intense sadness, and sometimes feelings of shock and numbness, or even denial and anger. For most people, the intensity of grief eases over time and the episodes of grief become less frequent. Grief is a process or journey that affects everyone differently. It can be exhausting and emotionally draining. This can make it hard to do simple things or

Grazes

Wounds, cuts and grazes What are wounds, cuts and grazes? A wound is a break or damage to the skin surface. Minor wounds do not usually need medical attention and can usually be treated with first aid. What causes wounds, cuts and grazes? Wounds can be caused by something sudden, such as a cut, a fall or a bad knock. Cuts, grazes and lacerations are all examples of wounds. Cuts are usually caused by a sharp object like a knife or glass, or even a sheet of paper. Lacerations are a deep cut or tear of the skin – they

Graves’ disease

Key facts Graves’ disease, the most common cause of an overactive thyroid, is an autoimmune disease most common in females aged 20 to 40 years. Your symptoms may include anxiety, irritability, a racing heart, feeling hot, sweating and tremor. You may have bulging eyes and an enlarged thyroid gland (goitre) in your neck. Your doctor can diagnose Graves’ disease with blood tests and treat you with medications and sometimes surgery. What is Graves’ disease? Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease (immune system disorder), that causes your thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. This happens because your body’s immune system produces

Grass allergy

What is grass allergy? Grass allergy occurs when a person experiences symptoms after being exposed to pollen from grasses (as well as trees, plants and some weeds). Grass pollen spreads when blown by the wind. Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and thunderstorm asthma are 2 conditions caused by pollen exposure. Australian native grasses are less likely to cause allergies than those introduced from overseas, exotic or lawn-variety grasses. When am I at risk of grass allergy? You are more likely to experience symptoms of grass allergy during the time of year when grasses are producing pollen. In northern coastal areas, that’s generally January, February and March. In

Granuloma

What is a granuloma? A granuloma is a tiny cluster of white blood cells and other tissue. It can appear in your lungs, skin or other parts of your body. Granulomas aren’t cancerous. They form as a reaction to infections, inflammation, irritants or foreign objects. What are the types of granulomas? Foreign body granulomas This type of granuloma develops when your body’s immune system reacts to an object or irritant that penetrates your skin or eye . They can form in reaction to: foreign objects such as splinters bee stings and spider bites substances that irritate you, including red tattoo ink and the silica

GP (role of a)

The role of a GP Your GP (general practitioner, or family doctor) is usually the first person you go to if you have a health issue. They coordinate your healthcare and can look after you through your whole life. What is a general practitioner (GP)? GPs are doctors who have completed training in general practice. In some countries this is known as family medicine. They have broad knowledge and the skills to work out how to manage all the health issues you might have through your life. Because your GP gets to know you, your family and your community, they

GP (questions to ask)

beginning of content Asking questions You can get more out of your healthcare if you’re well informed about any treatments, medicines or tests that your doctor or other health professional recommends. Asking questions about your health and healthcare means that you can understand the options and make the best healthcare decisions for you. This is known as health literacy. This page gives you some questions to ask to help you get the best health outcomes. You can print or write them down and take them with you when you see your doctor or other health professional. Add your own questions as

Gout medication

Medicines for gout What is gout? Gout is a painful swelling of a joint. It is a type of arthritis. It is caused by a build-up of uric acid, a waste material that you usually pass in your urine (wee). If your body can’t remove enough uric acid, it builds up in your blood. It can sometimes get in your joints, causing inflammation and pain, which is known as gout. If you don’t treat gout, it can cause permanent damage to your joints. How is gout treated? The treatment of gout involves avoiding alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight and taking medicines. Some gout medicines

Gout

Key facts Gout is a type of arthritis that leads to painful inflammation in a joint, caused by a build-up of urate crystals. The big toe is most commonly affected, but gout can affect any joint. To diagnose gout, a sample of fluid from the affected joint can be checked for urate crystals. Your doctor can prescribe medicines to relieve your symptoms and shorten their duration. If you have recurrent attacks of gout, your doctor can advise you on ways to reduce the risk of future attacks. What is gout? Gout is a type of arthritis that leads to painful inflammation in a

Gastro-Oseophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (GORD) (reflux)

Key facts Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is caused by acid from stomach rising up your food pipe. GORD can cause symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. Some GORD symptoms are the same as a heart attack  To treat GORD, you can take over the counter medicines, and make lifestyle changes. What is GORD? Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) happens when stomach acid leaks from your stomach and moves up into your oesophagus (food pipe). This is also known as ‘reflux’ or ‘acid reflux’. Almost everyone gets heartburn due to acid reflux from time to time. GORD is when reflux occurs more than twice

Good mental health

What is good mental health? Good mental health is more than just the absence of mental illness. It means you are in a state of wellbeing where you feel good and function well in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, good mental health is when you can: cope with the normal stresses of life learn and work productively use your talents and abilities contribute to the community If you have good mental health, you might feel happy, confident, hopeful and generally satisfied with life. You are likely to feel connected to other people and to be making a contribution

Anatomy of bladder [For public knowledge]

What is the urinary system? The bladder is part of the urinary system, or urinary tract. The bladder is an organ in your pelvis that stores urine (wee). It works with the kidneys to rid the body of waste products from the blood. The kidneys and ureters Your kidneys make urine, which is transported to your bladder along tubes called ureters. The bladder and urethra Once the urine reaches the bladder, it stays there until you empty it (urinate/wee). Urine (wee) leaves your body by passing through a narrow tube called the urethra. What happens when you urinate? To urinate (do a wee),

Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary episode of symptoms that begins like a stroke and lasts between a few minutes to 24 hours. Also known as a mini-stroke, it does not cause any long-lasting effects on the brain as it does not kill a person’s brain cells. When a transient ischemic attack begins, it can’t be predicted whether someone is having a mini-stroke or an actual stroke. Reports suggest that about 240,000 adults in the United States suffer from a TIA yearly. What Are The symptoms of a TIA / mini stroke? The signs and symptoms of a TIA are the